Stage 1: Friends in early childhood development

Childhood is when our humanity first starts to bloom, and friendship quietly plants its seed.
At this stage, our connections are simple and pure—no hidden agendas, no value alignment required. Just the joy of shared time, shared space, and shared games.

• We become friends because we live on the same street, go to the same school, or love the same cartoons and video games.
• Arguments happen, sure—but so do quick reconciliations. One moment we’re fighting, the next we’re laughing and walking hand-in-hand again.
• These early playmates may not stay with us forever, but they give us our very first idea of what friendship means—unfiltered, uncomplicated, and unforgettable.

Stage 2: Teenager friendship—seeking a sense of self

Welcome to adolescence, where “Who am I?” becomes the question of the hour—and friendship suddenly gets way more personal. No longer just about playing together, friendships now revolve around feelings, secrets, and those late-night talks about life, love, and everything in between.

• At this stage, friends become mirrors for our emerging identity.
• We start to define ourselves by who we hang out with, and we choose our people based on shared passions, values, and vibes.
• In the quiet symmetry of our thoughts and tastes, friendship found its way.

This is the first time friendship becomes a reflection of our inner world. We’re no longer just accepting friends—we’re selecting them, curating our own little tribe.

Stage 3: Support and friends in Midlife crisis

From early adulthood into midlife, we step into the busiest, most demanding chapters of our lives. With the burdens of growing responsibilities and multiple social roles, friendship evolves once again—it becomes less about simply sharing, and more about showing up, backing each other, and building something side by side.

• We connect with like-minded peers and grow together.
• Some become partners in our careers, others anchors in our emotional world.
• Relationships start to take on a more pragmatic tone. Trust becomes rare, but when it’s real, it means more than ever.

Friendship at this stage blends support, collaboration, even shared responsibilities and stakes. And because life can be tough, the bonds forged through mutual effort and hard-earned trust often run deeper, and last longer.

Stage 4: Echoes of belief — when faith and friendship intertwine

As we enter later adulthood, life’s experiences begin to settle into clarity, and our values deepen. Friendships in this stage gently shift away from practicality and lean into something quieter, something deeper—soulful resonance and inner peace.

• We find connection with those who share our beliefs, spiritual paths, or worldview.
• These friends may not be in touch every day, but when life feels heavy or uncertain, they’re the ones whose presence brings calm and direction.
• They don’t just “get along” with us—they truly resonate with us.

At this point, real friendship becomes less about collaborating in the outer world, and more about holding space in the inner one.

Stage 5: Soul mates — life’s mirrors, silently seen

This is the highest level of friendship—an unspoken connection so profound, it speaks louder than words. These companions are rare, perhaps even one in a lifetime. But their presence assures you that your life has been anything but wasted.

• Soul companions walk beside you in ways that transcend ordinary friendship. They see the world as you do, and understand the words you’ve yet to speak.
• Sometimes, they guide your spirit; sometimes, they challenge your thoughts, acting as both mirror and catalyst.
• These friendships don’t require constant proximity, but every meeting feels like a reunion of souls, a deep conversation beyond the surface.

Soul companions are what we meet only after years of living, as the years distill wisdom into the rarest of connections. They aren’t the friends we choose—they are the kindred spirits fate sends our way.

Conclusion: Friendship as a reflection of life’s growth

The stages of friendship are not a matter of comparison, but a reflection of the different needs and growths we experience throughout life. From the carefree “playmates” of childhood to the “soulmates” of our later years, each level of friendship acts as a mirror, revealing how we understand the world, others, and most importantly, ourselves.

Maturity doesn’t come with having more friends—it comes with knowing, more and more, who truly deserves to walk beside you. Life’s journey may sometimes feel solitary, but real friendship lights the way, casting a warm glow in the hearts of those who find each other in the vast sea of humanity.

Some live in fear, oppression, and deception, simply striving to survive in chaotic times, indifferent to right or wrong. Others live in awakening, dignity, and participation, willing to fight for freedom and rights.

In the structure of today’s society, “living in survival” and “living in democracy” are not abstract philosophical concepts. They are two very real states that exist within national systems, historical progress, and the depths of human nature.

I. Surviving in Fear: The Breeding Ground of Slavery Systems

“Surviving in fear” is not merely a sign of individual weakness, but a widespread result of long-standing authoritarian systems, class hierarchies, and ideological control throughout history. In such a state, human existence is reduced to the mere continuation of the body, stripped of freedom, dignity, and agency.

In many civilizations, feudal and imperial systems have constructed this “survival” breeding ground. For example, China’s centralized system since the Qin and Han dynasties, the military and political rule during the late Roman Empire, and the totalitarian regimes of the 20th century that tightly controlled thought and speech, all created large “silent majorities.”

These people had no rights, no voice, and no way to express themselves—they obeyed not out of belief, but out of fear.

Living in fear also takes a toll on the spirit. When people grow up under authoritarian rule, they start to adopt mindsets like “keep your head down to stay safe,” “the smart ones go with the flow,” or “it’s better to avoid trouble.” This kind of mental numbness is actually a deeper form of oppression than physical control—it gradually strips people of their ability to think for themselves and take action. In the end, they stop asking “why am I living?” and just focus on “how do I get by?”

II. Living in Democracy: Awakening Civic Consciousness and Human Rights

In contrast, “living in democracy” is the product of awakened civic awareness. It is a way of life grounded in the protection of rights, participation in systems, and freedom of speech. In this state, “living” means more than just physical survival—it means having the power to make choices, express opinions, and participate in decisions that affect you.

1. Systemic Protection: Freedom is Not Just an Abstract Ideal

The development of Western democratic systems, particularly marked by the Enlightenment of the 18th century and the American and French revolutions, signaled the shift of “living in democracy” from theory to practice. From Rousseau’s The Social Contract to Lincoln’s “government of the people, by the people, for the people,” democracy transformed individuals from subjects into citizens, giving them the right to participate in governing their nation. Even in imperfect systems, citizens in democratic countries still have legal means to challenge the status quo and the right to voice their dissatisfaction publicly.

2. Mental Awakening: The Foundation of Civil Society

Democracy is more than just a system—it’s a deep cultural and mindset shift. In a true democratic society, people actively seek truth, care about justice, and respect others’ rights. They’re not afraid to challenge the government and are ready to take on public responsibilities. They embrace diverse viewpoints and are open to finding common ground through conversation.

III. Slavery vs. Democracy: The Intersection of History and Reality

History isn’t black and white—survival and democracy often coexist on different levels within the same society. In modern nations, even when democracy is formally in place, there can still be hidden censorship, economic monopolies, and class oppression, leaving some people stuck in a state of mere survival.

At the same time, in more closed-off regimes, there are often movements where the people at the bottom fight for democracy, like the Arab Spring or Hong Kong’s “Umbrella Movement.”

Even in countries where democracy is relatively well-established, economic downturns often bring the risk of authoritarian and fascist ideologies resurfacing. In Germany, for instance, the economic pressure caused by the Russia-Ukraine conflict led to soaring energy prices and a significant drop in real wages, marking the largest decline since World War II. This has created fertile ground for far-right parties like the Alternative for Germany (AfD), whose support surged in 2022 and 2023.

Undoubtedly, current democratic systems still have their flaws. For instance, tech monopolies and capital exploitation are creating a “pseudo-democracy”—people appear to have the freedom to choose, but are actually controlled by algorithms, consumerism, and media manipulation.

Democracy’s “form” is becoming more widespread, but the “substance” is being gradually diluted. This structural alienation is causing some democratic societies to slip back into a state of mere survival.

IV. Why Surviving is Easier Than Living in a Democracy

Surviving in tough situations is more common not just because of oppressive systems, but also because of human nature’s tendency to take the easy way out. When faced with a complex world full of risks and responsibilities, many people choose to obey, stay silent, or avoid confrontation. This is really a fear of “freedom.” Heidegger called it “sinking into nothingness” — when people face the absurdity of life, they just give up on their individuality and blend into the crowd.

On the other hand, living in a democracy requires personal responsibility, critical thinking, judgment, moral courage, continuous learning, and political involvement. It’s a free way of living, but also a lot harder. As Tocqueville said in Democracy in America, freedom requires much more from citizens than authoritarian systems do, because it asks each person to be their own “king,” to take control of their own life and work to build a better society.

Conclusion: The Crossroads of Civilization

When we talk about living, we’are really choosing the direction of our civilization. Will we continue to survive in a world of control, slavery, and silence? Or will we rise towards a life of rights, dignity, and public responsibility? This isn’t just about the systems of any one country—it’s the choice facing humanity as a whole today.

“Surviving” is a result of history’s struggles and a sign that we stopped pushing for real progress. Living just to get by will lead to stagnation and even a step backward for civilization. But “democracy” is the forward leap, a response to our true human nature.

Living in a democracy may be tough, but it is the only path that allows civilization to grow and thrive.

Let’s stop settling for just existing. Instead, let’s live with dignity and purpose. This is the way forward for civilization, and the call of our true selves.

The way people perceive the world shapes their growth and life path, especially when they encounter difficulties, failures, and challenges. Different mindsets lead to distinct outcomes.

No matter where you start or how talented you are, having a growth mindset keeps you moving forward and unlocking new opportunities. But a fixed mindset? That’s a roadblock—it holds you back and stunts both personal and societal progress. It’s time to let it go.

I. What is a growth mindset?

A growth mindset is the belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through effort, learning, and perseverance. People with this mindset embrace challenges, see failure as an opportunity to grow, and constantly push themselves to improve.

Not only that, but people with a growth mindset tend to be more open, inclusive, and naturally inclined toward trust and collaboration. But why so?

At its core, a growth mindset is rooted in mutual care and openness. True growth requires inclusivity, diverse perspectives, and an understanding of others—all of which stem from a foundation of love and connection.

When people care for each other, they create an environment where ideas flow freely. In this space, mistakes aren’t seen as failures but as opportunities to learn, and individuals are more willing to take risks and try new things. Mutual care encourages respect for differing opinions, a willingness to listen, and a mindset of continuous learning—all of which are at the heart of a growth mindset.

Realistic optimism is also a crucial element of a growth mindset. It is about staying positive while having an honest perspective on reality, avoiding the trap of overestimating your abilities. When you find that balance, you are more likely to approach challenges with effort, strategy, focus, and persistence—emerging stronger and more resilient along the way.

II. A growth mindset VS a fixed mindset

People with a fixed mindset believe that intelligence and abilities are limited and can’t be significantly improved through effort. When faced with challenges, they often feel frustrated, thinking they’re “not capable” or “stupid,” which leads them to shy away from or give up on the task at hand.

They fear failure, avoid taking risks, and resist feedback. They tend to see failure as proof of their own inadequacy, rather than an opportunity for growth.

A fixed mindset is essentially driven by fear and arrogance. People are afraid of failures for they believe that failures reveal their weakness. So instead of trying new things and accepting challenges, they choose to stay in the comfort zone.

Arrogance leads people to think they are naturally better than others, so they resist admitting mistakes or learning anything new. If someone is convinced they are already ahead, they see no reason to change—because change would mean questioning themselves and possibly proving their past beliefs wrong.

The combination of fear and arrogance keeps people stuck. Some fear being proven wrong, so they resist new ideas. Others have inflated egos and refuse to accept criticism or acknowledge the need for growth. Over time, this mindset not only deprives individuals of opportunities for progress, but also hinders their long-term development in both society and their careers.

The differences between a growth mindset and a fixed mindset:

• A growth mindset is open and adaptable, while a fixed mindset is closed off and resistant to change.
• A growth mindset stems from love, whereas a fixed mindset often arises from a lack of self-acceptance and appreciation for others.
• Those with a growth mindset learn and improve through all kinds of feedback, while those with a fixed mindset only accept positive feedback, making it difficult for them to grow.

III. Why is a growth mindset so important?

A growth mindset has a profound impact on learning, career success, and mental well-being.

Psychologist Carol Dweck’s research shows that students with a growth mindset are more willing to take on challenges, demonstrate greater resilience in the face of difficulties, and ultimately achieve better academic results. Neuroscience further supports this idea, proving that the brain is highly adaptable—intelligence and skills can continue to develop over time.

Beyond education, a growth mindset also strengthens adaptability and resilience. In a constantly changing world, those who embrace challenges and see setbacks as learning opportunities are better equipped to navigate uncertainty.

Moreover, a growth mindset can help reduce anxiety and depression by shifting the focus away from self-labeling as a “failure” and toward learning and growth from setbacks.

This mindset isn’t just about individuals—it also applies to the development of communities and societies. The more closed-off a place is, the more likely its people are to have fixed, outdated ways of thinking. In contrast, big cities thrive on diversity and openness, where the exchange of ideas and the blending of different perspectives drive progress and vitality.

How to develop a growth mindset?

Few people are born with a growth mindset—it is largely shaped by environment and self-reflection. This means that anyone can develop it.

So where do we begin?

It starts with becoming aware of our own thinking patterns:

• When facing challenges or failures, pay attention to your initial reaction: Do you immediately think you’re not capable and that this isn’t for you? Or do you believe you can improve through effort?
• When receiving criticism—whether it’s valid or not—observe your inner response and behavioral choices: Do you feel defensive or frustrated right away? Or do you see it as an opportunity to learn and grow?
• In a team setting, when someone suggests a new idea, do you resist it simply because it’s unfamiliar? Or do you approach it with an open mind and consider its potential?
• When you hear about someone else’s success, do you feel threatened? Or do you find inspiration and motivation from their achievements?

If you found yourself choosing the first option in the questions above, it is likely that you are deeply influenced by a fixed mindset.

The good news is, through awareness and practice, you can gradually break free from these mental limitations and proactively adjust and redirect your mindset.

By becoming aware of your thinking patterns, you will soon realize that you have the power to make better choices. Reflecting on the past becomes the fuel for continuous growth.

This takes time and consistent effort. Above all, it is crucial for everyone to tap into the love within themselves, allowing positivity and passion to fuel their growth and success, both personally and professionally.

As an educator, how can you cultivate a growth mindset in students?

The language teachers use and the way they praise their students can have a subtle but powerful impact on their thinking and emotional development. To this day, I still hear misguided guidance that hurts a child’s cognitive growth and emotional well-being, yet many teachers are unaware of the effect their words have.

Here are some teaching strategies to foster a growth mindset in students:

• Praise students for their effort, not their intelligence. Instead of saying things like “You’re so smart” or “You’re great at math,” focus on applauding their persistence, curiosity, and determination.

• Encourage students to take on challenging tasks, framing these challenges as exciting opportunities rather than boring chores. For example, one parent I know, while helping her child with a vocabulary memorization plan, maintains a light and positive tone. She talks about the achievements of learning new words and makes the process more enjoyable for the child.

• Guide students to view mistakes as part of the learning process, not as a sign of failure. Many teachers react emotionally to students’ errors, which is understandable, but this can make students fear failure. The right approach is to reassure students that mistakes don’t reflect a lack of ability or intelligence. On the contrary, mistakes are valuable learning opportunities.
• It’s essential to clearly introduce the concept of a growth mindset to students, helping them realize that intelligence isn’t fixed—it can grow through effort and learning. This is like planting a seed of positivity and resilience in their hearts, setting them up for future success.
• Emphasize that learning is a dynamic, ongoing process of growth, not a fixed outcome. Encourage students to track their progress and make adjustments based on feedback.
• Teach students how to bounce back from failure by encouraging them to reflect on their mistakes, ask themselves questions, and learn from the experience—rather than getting stuck in the negative emotions that come with it.

Cultivating a growth mindset is a long-term process. The principles of a growth mindset should be woven into all subjects and lessons, encouraging positive self-talk and effort-based praise at every level.

By fostering a growth mindset, people can break through barriers in learning, careers, and life, leading to richer and more rewarding experiences. Embracing love, openness, a willingness to take risks, and a dedication to lifelong learning unlocks our true potential, setting the stage for a brighter, more expansive future.

Many people mistakenly believe that wealth and money are the only paths to freedom and happiness for all, but this mindset often leads us into a dangerous trap. True wealth does not come from piling up material possessions, but from inner peach and a deep understanding of universal truth.

The Path of Servitude: Trading Freedom and Happiness for Wealth

In many societies, wealth is seen as the ultimate measure of success — a symbol that promises not only material comfort, but also freedom and happiness and a dignified lifestyle. This belief is reinforced by countless advertisements, media messages, and self-help gurus. From childhood, we are taught to believe that “money equals freedom.” However, the pursuit of wealth is often a process of trading freedom and happiness for servitude.

On the surface, money seems to offer choices and a comfortable life. But in reality, many people sacrifice their health and most of their time just to earn a paycheck. In the end, they gain money — but they may lose their health, their dreams, and the freedom to explore life’s many other possibilities.

Some people work endlessly to keep their wealth. They spend so much time and energy, even breaking their own moral values, until they become just another piece in the system.

Many businesspeople and entrepreneurs might look successful on the outside, but inside, they live with stress, anxiety, and fear of losing everything. In the race for money and status, they forget why they started. They get stuck in a life of constant competition and pressure.

It is much like the tale of Faust, who bargained with the devil, offering up his soul in exchange for wealth and glory. Yet, beneath the glittering surface of success, his freedom and happiness slowly slipped away, and he lost himself. This is what happens when people chase wealth above all else. It takes away who they really are and traps them in a prison they built for themselves.

The pursuit of wealth, though it seems to offer us endless choices, often takes away life’s simplest and most genuine joys. This is not to say that making money is wrong — everyone needs to make a living. But we need to recognize how the blind chase for money can distort the very humanity. Only with that clarity can we find the courage to seek a life that is truly full of freedom and happiness.

The Path to Freedom and Happiness: Democracy and Inner Peace

In contrast to the pursuit of wealth, the path to true freedom and happiness is paved with democracy and a deep sense of inner peace and calmness.

This path is not about accumulating material possessions but about discovering true freedom and happiness within, and understanding the essence of life. Real happiness comes from deep self-awareness, a strong sense of personal worth, and a genuine love for the world.

The ancient Greek philosopher Socrates once said, “Know thyself.” This simple yet profound idea leads us toward self-awareness and deep inner exploration. The pursuit of freedom and happiness is not about chasing wealth, fame, or external success — it is about understanding, accepting, and embracing the connection between yourself and the world.

True freedom, as the foundation of happiness, is not about controlling others or blindly following the crowd. It’s about having an independent mind — the ability to rule your inner world, stand firm against outside judgment, and make choices that truly belong to you.

Real happiness is not a path of indulgence or escapism. It comes from the freedom to choose, to live in a way that aligns with your heart. Each of us can find peace and fulfillment in life, without needing wealth or external approval to prove our worth.

Those who are truly happy value people for who they are, knowing that we are enough just as we are. But those who are lost see people as means to profit, forgetting the value of being human itself.

Of course, personal happiness also depends on the support of the broader social environment. A society with a strong democratic system and a well-functioning welfare system provides every citizen with the freedom to express themselves and the basic security they need. This creates space for people to choose more diverse ways of living and ensures they can pursue their own version of happiness without being overwhelmed by external pressures.

Take Finland’s universal basic income experiment as an example. Over the course of two years, the government provided 2,000 unemployed citizens with a monthly payment of 560 euros — with no strings attached. By the end of the trial, researchers found that these individuals reported significantly better mental health and higher life satisfaction. With reduced financial stress, some participants began actively learning new skills, while others took bold steps to try jobs they had once feared or even started small businesses. This experiment didn’t just produce data — it revealed something deeper: the vital role that social welfare plays in protecting and nurturing personal happiness.

The Relationship Between Wealth and Happiness: A Double-Edged Sword

Wealth itself is neither good nor bad — it’s simply a tool, something we all need to navigate life and create opportunities. But when people lose sight of this and turn wealth into their only goal, it becomes a trap, pulling them further away from true happiness.

We have seen it time and again — people who achieve extraordinary material success often end up feeling spiritually empty and deeply alone. Throughout history, and even today, many famous figures have come to realize that money is not the ultimate key to happiness. Take Howard Hughes, for example. One of the wealthiest and most successful businessmen of the 20th century, Hughes built a vast empire across aviation, film, and more. Yet in his later years, he withdrew completely from the world, isolating himself in hotel rooms, tormented by severe mental health struggles and an overwhelming fear of the outside world.

An opposite example is Kazuo Inamori. While he achieved remarkable success in business, he also placed great importance on spiritual practice, spending his whole life reflecting on the meaning of life and the essence of being human. Inamori’s philosophy of “Respect the Divine and Love People” emphasized the deep connection between business and ethics. To him, true success was never about wealth alone — it was about the growth of the soul and the contributions one makes to society.

On the path to freedom and happiness, wealth is more like a byproduct. It’s not the goal, but rather a tool that can make life more colorful and fulfilling. As the Western philosopher Martin Heidegger once said, “The essence of being human lies not in having, but in becoming.”

True happiness comes from inner awakening and the realization of one’s own value — and wealth, if it comes at all, is simply something that follows along the way.

Conclusion: Choosing the Path to Freedom and Happiness

On the journey of life, each of us will ultimately face a choice between two paths: a life driven by profit, or a life centered on humanity?

We can keep chasing wealth and fame, only to find ourselves caught in an endless cycle of desire, becoming slaves to money. Or we can choose to pursue freedom and happiness — a path without glittering gold, but one filled with peace and fulfillment.

History and the wisdom of philosophy remind us that wealth is never the whole story. True freedom and happiness within our soul are the goals most worth pursuing.

In the end, the choice between these two paths comes down to inner awakening. When we stop letting the world’s standards cloud be our vision and instead seek freedom and happiness from within, it will naturally follow.

Wealth can be part of life, but it can never be the purpose of our existence. Those who lose themselves in the pursuit of wealth are the ones covered in the dust of the world — people who pour all their energy into chasing material gain, forgetting the deeper callings of their heart. In the end, they may accumulate riches, but they lose the very freedom and happiness they longed for.

True wisdom lies in seeing the difference between these two paths, and choosing the one that leads to freedom and happiness. It is about creating the most beautiful masterpiece of your life — one where your efforts are not just for yourself, but for the happiness of all.

As we go through life, it’s natural to look back on the past. Many people get stuck in their memories, whether holding on to past successes or dwelling on regrets. But looking back doesn’t mean we should stay trapped there. The real purpose of reflection is to learn from our experiences and gain insight, not to let the past hold us back from living fully in the present and moving toward the future.

Looking back helps us see clearly, but letting go makes us gain clarity. Only by reflecting on the past can we learn from our mistakes, gain wisdom from our successes, and create a clearer path for the future.

However, reflection doesn’t mean dwelling on the past for too long. Instead, it’s about carrying forward the lessons we’ve learned while freeing ourselves from what no longer serves us. Only then can we fully embrace the challenges and opportunities ahead.

1. The past is the soil where we grow

The past is unchangeable, yet it shapes who we are in profound ways. Every mistake, failure, and decision we have made has contributed to the person we’ve become. These experiences nourish our thinking and provide valuable lessons for our actions.

However, reflecting on the past doesn’t mean dwelling on regret or resentment. It is more about learning from experience to avoid repeating the same mistakes. A poor decision in the past can make us more cautious in the future, and past pain can make us more resilient.

In this way, the past is not a burden but a treasure. It equips us with wisdom, guiding us toward better choices in life.

2. Dwelling on the past holds us back from the future

While our past experiences are valuable, clinging to them can trap us in our own memories. It feels like staring at our reflection in a mirror while missing the beautiful scenery ahead. If we keep looking back at what is already gone, we lose sight of the path in front of us. Our minds become entangled in past joys or sorrows, making it difficult to fully engage with the present.

As the philosopher Martin Heidegger said, “humans are beings oriented toward the future.” Instead of fixating on what is behind us, we should focus on what lies ahead. Only by letting go of past burdens can we embrace true freedom and create the future we desire.

If we remain stuck in the past, we miss out on the richness of the present and fail to prepare for what is yet to come.

3. How to let go of the past and move toward a clear future

Letting go of the past doesn’t mean forgetting it—it means no longer allowing it to control our emotions and choices. It is an inner liberation, a way to find light even in the shadows of pain.

Firstly, we must learn to forgive ourselves and others. Mistakes are inevitable, and so is the pain caused by others. However, dwelling on past regrets and wounds only weighs us down. True freedom comes from forgiveness and letting go, which also elevates our mindset.

Secondly, we must actively build our future in the present. The possibilities ahead are endless, and the best way to shape them is by focusing on the now. Every small step—every lesson learned, every bit of progress—moves us forward. The future is not something we wait for; it is something we create through action.

Finally, a great goal gives life meaning. We are not here just to exist—we are here to grow, contribute, and move toward something greater. A strong purpose is the guiding light that helps us walk out of the shadows of the past.

No matter how difficult the journey, let your dreams and goals lead the way. As you move forward, the burdens of the past will fade, and the path ahead will become clearer, richer, and more fulfilling.

Conclusion

Looking back helps us gain clarity, and letting go helps us move forward with a clear mind. Our past experiences shape who we are, but they shouldn’t hold us back. Instead, they should serve as stepping stones, guiding us toward growth and new possibilities.

Life is a journey of constant progress. The past lays the foundation beneath our feet, but the future is the path ahead. Only by releasing the weight of what was can we move forward with strength, embrace new opportunities, and reach greater heights.

I. What is Regressive Thinking?

Regressive Thinking is not merely backwardness but refers to a phenomenon where individuals or groups, because of their inability to adapt to the demands of deep thinking in a complex cognitive environment, choose to revert to simpler, lower-level cognitive patterns. It is both a stress response and the result of a long-term resetting of thinking habits. Its core manifestation lies in replacing multi-layered analysis and systematic thinking with simplified intuition and binary logic.

In the information-driven pressure of modern society, this phenomenon has become increasingly common. Individuals often choose short-term efficiency over long-term depth, resulting in the repeated resetting of their original deep thinking abilities. This gradually leads to a trend of superficial reflection. This trend not only limits humanity’s ability to analyze problems but may also weaken the overall potential for societal innovation in thinking.

II. The Core Logic of Regressive Thinking

Behind the phenomenon of regressive thinking, there are several important logical characteristics:

1. Avoidance of complexity, preference for simplicity

Modern problems are typically multifaceted and complex, but those with regressive thinking tend to oversimplify them, focusing on quick solutions from a narrow viewpoint. This mindset often relies on a “binary opposition model,” categorizing issues as either right or wrong, black or white. Though this approach may seem direct and effective, it fails to account for the complexity and contradictions of the real world.

For example, when faced with social controversies, people are more likely to take a “support/oppose” stance rather than taking the time to analyze the underlying causes and details. This simplified logic diminishes the potential for systemic thinking, reducing complex issues to superficial, emotionally driven responses.

2. The reinforcement and solidification of habitual thinking

Thinking habits are highly influenced by established pathways. Regressive thinking often stems from a “shortcut mechanism,” where the brain defaults to the problem-solving methods that were once quick and efficient, avoiding the need for more cognitive effort. Over time, this leads to a decline in one’s ability to think logically, resulting in mechanical and inflexible thought processes.

For example, in educational systems that emphasize standardized tests with fixed answers, students tend to develop a mindset that relies on finding “the one correct answer” rather than thinking in terms of multiple solutions. This habit reinforces a lack of deep and open-minded thinking, making people more inclined to stick to the familiar, easiest path, rather than venturing into new, unexplored options.

3. Emotions over reason and ration

Regressive thinking is often driven by emotions, replacing rational analysis with emotional judgment. Human emotional responses are typically faster and more immediate than logical analysis, which makes it easier for people to handle pressure or complex issues in an emotional, simplistic way rather than thinking through them logically. For example, emotions like anger or fear can lead to hasty conclusions without considering the full scope of the issue. This tendency of prioritizing emotion over solution limits the depth and flexibility of one’s thinking.

III. Resetting Thinking Habits and the Deterioration of Analytical Skills

1. The conflict between short-term efficiency and long-term capability

The essence of resetting thinking habits is a “efficiency-first” cognitive strategy. When the brain is confronted with high-intensity information input, it tends to prioritize the “shortcut” pathway to solve problems rather than the “deep” pathway. This approach may seem like an optimization of resources, but it actually weakens long-term analysis and innovation abilities.

The concept of neuroplasticity in neuroscience suggests that as experiences and learning change, the brain adjusts its thinking patterns by modifying neural connections. Therefore, when individuals frequently rely on shortcut thinking, their original deep thinking ability gradually diminishes, which in turn affects higher-order cognitive functions such as innovation and critical thinking. Although this “quick response” strategy meets short-term information processing needs, it limits the flexibility of human thinking and reduces the diversity of thought.

Specifically, this resetting process involves several stages:

• Short-term efficiency outweighs long-term thinking: In daily life, people tend to rely on known experiences to address problems, rather than building new logical structures. This short-term thinking continuously simplifies complex issues.

• Deep thinking is gradually marginalized: Due to the habit of “fast thinking,” people no longer actively engage their deeper cognitive structures, leading to a gradual reduction in the brain’s demand for deep thinking.

• Breakdown of the logical analysis chain: Problems that originally required multi-level reasoning are now solved with a one-size-fits-all approach. Over time, individuals may even lose the ability to extend their thinking chain.

2. Signs of Degraded Analytical Ability

• Decline in problem decomposition skills: The first step in analyzing a problem is breaking it down. Under the influence of regressive thinking, individuals often fail to accurately identify the core logic of a problem and instead resort to a generalized, simplified pattern.

• Weakened causal reasoning ability: Deep thinking requires a precise causal chain, but in regressive thinking, this chain is frequently interrupted by emotional judgments. For example, the reasoning “The outcome is bad, so the cause must be terrible too” reflects simplistic attribution, which weakens the ability to identify complex causal relationships.

• Limited innovation capability: Innovation requires breaking through existing thought frameworks, but regressive thinking tends to repeatedly follow “previously effective paths,” thereby hindering the formation of new ideas.

IV. Modern societal triggers of regressive thinking

1. Information overload and cognitive Fatigue

The density of information in modern society far surpasses any period in history, and people are required to process large amounts of complex information in a short amount of time. In such circumstances, the brain tends to opt for faster processing methods. Over time, the cost of engaging in deep thinking becomes too high, and shallow thinking gradually becomes the dominant mode.

The Negative Impact of Fragmented-infomation Environments

Social media, short videos, and other fragmented information environments have intensified the trend toward surface-level thinking. These platforms stimulate short-term attention with emotional content, reinforcing quick decision-making rather than deep analysis.

3. Limitations of Education and Social Culture

In certain cultures, education often places more emphasis on the input of knowledge and standardization, rather than training logical thinking and analytical skills. For example, exams focus on quick answers and overlook the depth of problem-solving processes, further encouraging the development of regressive thinking habits.

V. Breaking the cycle of regressive thinking

1. Extend thought chains and cultivate tolerance for complexity

• Strengthen logic through deduction training: Ask more “why” questions and use causal relationships to build longer thought chains, gradually developing analytical ability from simple to complex.

• Pose multi-dimensional questions: In daily life and learning, try to ask questions with multiple possible answers, breaking free from a one-dimensional thought framework.

2. Limit fragmented stimuli and return to deep thinking

• Reduce immediate information intake: Decrease reliance on social media each day and set aside time for focused analysis, such as reading long articles or books.

• Cultivate concentration: Use methods like meditation or deep writing to train the brain’s attention control ability, enhancing the durability of deep thinking.

3. Guide Educational Reform and Focus on the Thinking Process

• Focus on logical deduction training: Encourage a teaching approach that emphasizes analyzing the “process” rather than just delivering “answers.”

• Design open-ended questions: Incorporate discussions on complex issues and guide students to actively explore solutions from multiple perspectives.

Conclusion

The core of regressive thinking lies in humanity’s tendency to avoid complexity, with the resetting of thinking habits acting as an amplifier of this phenomenon. In the face of this trend, we must actively resist the fragmented and superficial thinking environment and re-cultivate the ability and habit of deep thinking. Only through systematic training and self-adjustment can we break free from the inertia of “regression” and move toward a path of more comprehensive and profound cognitive evolution.

However, as society has grown more complex, the outer shell of civilization has thickened. Technology, systems, and economic development seem to have replaced kindness as the core of civilization. Humans have begun to rely on indifference or efficiency in handling interpersonal relationships. Yet, it is in moments of crisis that every act of kindness reminds us that civilization is not built solely on rules or technology. It relies more on humanity’s recognition and protection of each other’s intrinsic value. Kindness is not only the original spark of civilization but also the opportunity for its reconstruction after it has broken down.

I. The Power of Kindness: Reconnecting Humanity and Society

The high efficiency and specialization of modern society have led to a growing distance and even indifference between individuals, with people increasingly seen as numbers or tools. However, acts of kindness can break this alienation, and reconnect us with one another and giving society warmth and meaning.

1. Kindness creates trust

Trust is the foundation of a functioning society, and kindness is the beginning of trust. Every genuine act of kindness is an expression of trust—trust in human nature and the potential of society. For example, in Japan, unattended vending stalls are seen as symbols of social trust. People can purchase agricultural products on their own and place the money in a designated container. These small acts of kindness convey the fundamental trust between individuals and create a self-sustaining cycle of social civilization.

2. Kindness relieves conflicts

Kindness is a force that resolves conflicts. It creates new possibilities in interpersonal or societal disputes. When we choose goodwill over indifference or confrontation in moments of opposition, we often open a path to reconciliation for both sides.

A real-life example of this is seen in South Africa after the end of apartheid, where kindness and forgiveness became crucial pillars in rebuilding society. The “Truth and Reconciliation Commission,” led by Desmond Tutu, encouraged perpetrators to confess their truths and seek forgiveness from the victims. This spirit of tolerance and goodwill not only prevented violent retaliation but also allowed society to embark on a new chapter of civilization, characterized by inclusivity and mutual support.

3. Acts of kindness drive social change

Kindness not only heals conflicts but also drives social change. During times of social turmoil or transformation, kindness, as a core value, can lead society toward a new chapter of civilization. Acts of kindness have the power to alter traditional power structures, break down social barriers, and give voice and opportunities to marginalized groups, fostering a sense of collective responsibility. Some actions sparked by individual acts of kindness can ultimately evolve into broader social movements, driving significant change.

For example, Oxfam was originally founded by a group of British citizens to help the starving Greek population during wartime. However, what began as a small act of kindness grew into a global humanitarian organization as more people joined the cause. The power of kindness lies in its ability to resonate with others, transforming individual sparks of goodwill into far-reaching social movements.

II. Kindness is the key to reawakening civilization

History shows that whenever human civilization faces a crisis, kindness becomes the key force in guiding society toward revival. In the face of natural disasters, human-made calamities, or social upheaval, kindness is not just a short-term relief but a long-term force for the reformation of civilization.

1. Kindness mends the fractures of civilization

When disaster or conflict tears apart social bonds, kindness becomes the force that fills the gaps. For example, after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, countless international volunteers flooded into the affected areas, helping to rebuild homes, provide material aid, and offer psychological support. Their selfless actions not only restored the physical environment but also allowed survivors to feel the power of being cared for and connected. Such acts of kindness also sparked renewed confidence and strength in the survivors, becoming the foundation for their rebuilding efforts.

2. Kindness drives the evolution of social systems

Kindness is not only a force for post-crisis recovery but also brings renewal and progress to society. When kindness becomes a collective choice, it gives rise to new social models and forms of civilization.

For example, Finland’s universal basic income experiment is grounded in the idea of goodwill toward all members of society: ensuring no one is left behind. While the experiment remains controversial, it represents another form of institutionalized kindness, seeking to advance social civilization through policy.

III. The practice of kindness: from individuals to institutions

Kindness is not an abstract ideal, but a value that can be practiced through action. The challenge is how to move from the individual to society, making kindness a social norm and a cornerstone of civilization.

1. The power of individual kind acts

Every small act of kindness is nourishment for social civilization. Whether it’s helping a stranger or consciously maintaining order in public spaces, these actions may seem minor, but they can trigger a “chain reaction of goodwill” among people.

Psychological research shows that when people witness acts of kindness, they are often inspired to perform more kind actions themselves. This means that an individual’s kindness can subtly influence their surroundings and even shift the overall social atmosphere.

2. The institutionalization of kindness

Kindness cannot remain solely at the individual level. It needs to be supported through systems and policies to create lasting social support. For example, the Netherlands’ “Neighbors Helping Neighbors” program encourages residents to assist each other in daily life, offering support to the elderly, disabled, and other vulnerable groups. This institutionalized design of kindness not only strengthens the sense of belonging among community members but also enhances the overall social cohesion.

3. The intergenerational transmission of kindness education

The power of kindness needs to be passed down through generations, and education is the most important means of doing so. In countries like Sweden and Finland, school curricula emphasize Social and Emotional Learning (SEL), which fosters empathy, collaboration, and a sense of social responsibility in children. This approach makes kindness a core part of personal growth and social civilization. Through such educational models, kindness not only becomes a habitual behavior but also internalizes as a value. It will drive the transmission of civilization from one generation to the next.

IV. Kindness ignites the future of civilization

Kindness is the simplest yet most profound force. When the world faces isolation, indifference, or division, kindness is our only hope for rebuilding connections and healing social rifts. Every act of kindness is the reopening of civilization and the starting point for humanity’s advancement to a higher level.

The true measure of civilization is not in technological advancements or the accumulation of wealth, but in humanity’s ability to consistently approach one another with kindness and build society on this foundation. Kindness is the purest expression of human nature and the core pillar of civilization. Every act of kindness helps lay the foundation for a brighter future, and each act of kindness carried forward opens a new chapter in the evolution of humanity.

Let us embrace and practice kindness, as it is not just the solution to current problems but also the foundation upon which we build the future.

1. The Allure of the Meritocracy Myth and Individual Effort

The idea of meritocracy — that success is solely the result of talent and hard work — is deeply ingrained in modern culture. Stories of individuals overcoming adversity to achieve greatness are celebrated, reinforcing the belief that anyone can succeed if they try hard enough. However, this narrative often obscures the reality that systemic factors such as socioeconomic status, discrimination, and unequal access to education play a significant role in determining outcomes.

For example, a child born into poverty may have limited access to quality education, nutritious food, or healthcare. Despite their best individual efforts, these barriers can significantly hinder their ability to succeed. Yet, in a meritocratic framework, their struggles are often framed as necessary challenges that help someone grow rather than as symptoms of systemic neglect.

2. Deflecting Attention from Systemic Problems

The emphasis on individual effort can also serve as a convenient way to deflect attention from systemic issues. It is far easier to blame individuals for their circumstances than to confront the complex and often uncomfortable realities of systemic injustice. This deflection shifts the responsibility for change from institutions and policymakers to individuals, allowing systemic flaws to persist unchallenged.

For instance, when discussions about poverty center on poor financial choices rather than structural issues like wage stagnation, lack of affordable housing, or inadequate social safety nets, the focus is misplaced. This not only perpetuates stigma but also hinders efforts to address the root causes of the problem.

3. The Normalization of Inequality

By celebrating individual effort success stories, societies can create the illusion that systemic barriers are not as significant as they truly are. Exceptional cases of people who “beat the odds” are often highlighted, suggesting that anyone can do the same if they work hard enough. However, these stories are exceptions, not the norm, and they risk normalizing systemic inequality by framing it as a challenge that individuals can overcome rather than a problem that society must address.

4. A Vicious Cycle of Individualism and Systemic Rigidity

This mindset also encourages a hyper-focus on personal gain, leading people to prioritize individual success over collective well-being. In doing so, the importance of contributing to societal growth is often overlooked. When systemic issues remain unresolved, the rigidity of outdated systems exacerbates societal inequities. As competition intensifies within a flawed system, individuals face even greater struggles, which creates a vicious cycle where systemic problems persist and deepen. The obsession with individual achievement ultimately prevents meaningful reforms that could benefit society as a whole.

5. Interests in Maintaining the Status Quo

Institutions and those in positions of power often have a vested interest in promoting the narrative of individual effort. When people are encouraged to focus solely on self-improvement, they are less likely to organize or demand systemic change. On the other hand, those in power end up with a group of highly self-motivated individuals who work tirelessly for them. This maintains the status quo, allowing existing power structures and inequalities to remain intact.

6. Striking a Balance

While individual effort is undoubtedly important, it should not come at the expense of addressing systemic issues. Recognizing and challenging structural barriers is essential for creating a society where everyone has a fair chance to succeed. This requires shifting the narrative to acknowledge both personal responsibility and the impact of systemic forces.

Policymakers, educators, and community leaders must work together to highlight the importance of systemic change. This includes investing in equitable education, healthcare, and social services, as well as addressing discrimination and other systemic injustices. At the same time, individuals can be encouraged to strive for personal growth while also advocating for broader societal reforms.

Conclusion

The emphasis on individual effort, while inspiring, can obscure the systemic problems that shape our lives. By acknowledging and addressing these issues, we can move toward a more equitable society where success is not determined solely by the circumstances of one’s birth. Striking a balance between personal responsibility and systemic change is not just an ideal but a necessity for building a just and inclusive world.

The design of a civilization system is closely tied to the values within society. For the current human civilization, the key to progress lies in offering equal love and care for all. 

Yicheng Commonweal is actively working to ensure that everyone experiences both a sense of existence and participation, while enjoying the happiness and fulfillment of a civilized society.

I. The Root Causes of Exclusion in the Civilization System

1. The Alienation of Standardized Rules

Current civilization systems often rely on explicit or covert rules to maintain order. These rules may increase efficiency in the short term, but they tend to suppress diversity and individuality. Rigid rules often force people to adapt to the system, changing who they are in the process. Those who can’t meet the standards are often left out of the pursuit of happiness.

For example, many education systems still use standardized exams to measure students’ abilities. They overlook values like emotion and creativity, which can’t be quantified. The system sacrificed the potential of many kids and caused the overall creativity of future society to decline dramatically.

2. Unequal Distribution of Resources

In many societies, resource distribution is claimed to be “fair.” But in reality, the system frequently favors those who are already in a stronger position. While policies might talk about fairness, they often fail to address deeper, structural issues like the historical inequalities faced by certain groups. Simply providing equal resources doesn’t solve the problem if no targeted interventions are made.

Take the widening wealth gap, for example. Or how top-tier education and healthcare are concentrated in certain areas. These issues have put many people at a disadvantage in the race for success. People marginalized by the system gradually lose their chance to pursue happiness. Struggling to meet basic needs, they are unable to nurture a sense of well-being.

Despite living on the same planet, people in different countries and regions experience vast disparities in living standards. People in developed countries can easily access benefits that others in underdeveloped areas have to work hard for. 

This disparity stems from differences in societal civilization systems. Resources tend to concentrate in more advanced systems, creating a significant injustice for those in less developed regions. Without systemic intervention or self-help efforts, this inequality will be difficult to resolve.

3. The Alienation of Technological Progress

Technology has made our civilization systems more efficient, but it has also created new forms of isolation. Take artificial intelligence and automation, for example. While they have increased productivity, they are going to replace many traditional jobs. As a result, many workers feel a loss of value and a fear of losing their jobs.

At the same time, social media and digital technologies, while connecting people from around the world, often make us feel lost in opinions and attacks from various sides. In this digital age, it is harder to form real emotional connections, and this erodes our sense of happiness.

4. The Suppression of Cultural Diversity

In modern societies, dominant cultures shape the civilization system, often overlooking the needs of diverse cultures. Groups that don’t align with mainstream values or lifestyles face marginalization and, in some cases, discrimination. Immigrants, ethnic minorities, and gender minorities often find themselves labeled as outsiders. Their sense of identity and happiness is continually suppressed.

II. The Far-reaching Impact of Exclusion on Happiness

1. A Crisis in Mental Health

People who are excluded often experience feelings of loneliness and helplessness, which can lead to a mental health crisis. The widespread rise in depression and anxiety is partly due to the civilization system’s failure to address individual psychological needs. 

When individuals are forced to fit into a system that doesn’t admit their values as a person, their mental resilience weakens. This decline in well-being can result in burnout, social anxiety, autism, and even conditions like agoraphobia or manic depression.

2. Indifferent Interpersonal Relationships

In today’s fast-paced world, the drive for efficiency often comes at the cost of real human connections. With everyone relying more on digital communication, there’s little time left for face-to-face interactions that truly build relationships. 

As a result, emotional connections become rarer, and our sense of happiness starts to weaken. People become more guarded in their social interactions, and the overall atmosphere feels colder. In fact, “Don’t bother others” has become the unspoken rule of the day.

3. A Loss of Sense

Happiness is not just about material wealth—it also needs a deeper sense of meaning. However, current value systems focus more on external markers of success, like wealth and status, while neglecting the nurturing and appreciation of inner values. Many civilization systems are built on this collective value system.

As a result, those who feel excluded from this system lose their sense of control over life. They struggle to find personal meaning, drifting into a “vacuum” of happiness—lost, confused, and uncertain of where to turn next.

II. Breaking the Cycle of Exclusion: The Path to True Happiness

1. People-oriented Institutional Reform

Civilization systems need to shift from an “efficiency-first” approach to a “people-oriented” one. For example, education systems should focus more on personalized development, honoring each child’s unique talents. Healthcare systems should aim for universal coverage, easing the health anxieties of vulnerable groups. True happiness can only be achieved when institutional designs meet the basic needs of every individual.

2. Creating an Inclusive Culture

Civilization systems need to embrace diverse cultural expressions and respect different lifestyles. Through legislation and social advocacy, we can reduce discrimination and prejudice against vulnerable groups. Cultural events and community building can foster greater understanding and empathy between groups, allowing everyone to feel the warmth of acceptance.

3. Reshaping the People-Technology Connection

The role of technological progress should be to foster human well-being, not deepen exclusion. For example, as digital technologies are introduced, we need to ensure they are accessible to the elderly and low-income groups. 

Similarly, in the case of artificial intelligence, it’s crucial to implement policies that protect workers’ rights and create pathways for reemployment for those whose jobs are lost. Otherwise, the wealth gap will continue to grow and aggravate inequality.

4. Redefining Happiness and Success

Happiness shouldn’t be defined by wealth, status, or material success. True fulfillment comes from pursuing personal values beyond external achievements. In a world where burnout and mental health struggles are common, society needs to shift focus from external success to internal well-being.

Through education and media, we can help people see that happiness is about meaningful connections, a sense of community, and harmony with nature. The diverse definitions of happiness in society can reduce external stress and peer pressure, allowing them to embrace a wider range of lifestyles and cultures.

III. Conclusion

The unhappiness many people feel comes from being excluded by the civilization systems. To address the problem, it is necessary to reconsider the underlying values and design of these systems in our society. Instead of rigid rules, we need to prioritize inclusivity. Happiness is not an unattainable goal, but a right for everyone.

When the value of collective well-being is advocated and practiced in the systems, people will find a sense of belonging and meaning. Only then can we experience true joy and embrace endless progress in our society.

Reflection Two: The reason people are unhappy is because they are excluded by the civilization systems in society.

Reflection Three: Yicheng Commonweal strives to identify and break the barriers of civilization, allowing everyone to share the fruit of civilization and societal progress.

The civilizational system in modern society governs management, order, and growth. Beyond systems and technology, it encompasses cultural values, social norms, and power structures, influencing individuals’ survival, happiness, and societal integration.

As a result, what appear to be highly efficient and advanced systems often exclude many, marginalizing them in a society that preaches fairness. Such exclusion is a violation of individual rights and a question to the meaning of civilization itself.

The Paradox of Civilization Systems

The progress of civilization is often accompanied by the neglect of certain groups, especially in the highly organized and technological context of modern society. lt leads to their “silent” existence within these civilization systems.

1. Exclusivity of Rules and Standards

At the heart of civilization systems lies a framework of rules and standards. However, the widespread application of these rules often overlooks the inherent differences between members of society. 

A clear example of this is the education system. Educational systems typically operate on a standardized talent-selection mechanism, aiming to provide equal opportunities for competition. In practice, however, this system favors families with cultural capital and educational resources, thereby excluding disadvantaged groups who lack such resources.

For those from impoverished or marginalized backgrounds, the scarcity of educational resources makes it difficult for them to compete with mainstream society. This gap often begins in early childhood, as they lack access to quality cultural experiences and struggle to acquire the same education and skills as their wealthier counterparts. 

2. The Indifference of Technological Progress

While technology has driven the rapid progress of civilization systems, it has also deepened the sense of alienation between individuals and the systems that govern them. For instance, the widespread digital public services has boosted efficiency, but it has also overlooked those unable to access or adapt to new technologies—particularly the elderly and economically disadvantaged groups. This “indifference” of technology has pushed them further to the fringes of society, creating a divide known as technological exclusion.

3. Cultural Dominance and Its Hidden Hegemony

Civilization systems are often underpinned by the value orientations of mainstream culture, which tend to suppress diverse perspectives. In the era of globalization, many cultural and social systems struggle to accommodate different values and cultural expressions effectively. Immigrants, ethnic minorities, and groups with diverse genders and sexual orientations frequently face marginalization due to their cultural backgrounds, lifestyles, and beliefs.

This exclusion goes beyond laws and policies, manifesting in everyday life through subtle social biases and the rejection of other cultures. While modern society advocates for inclusivity and diversity, mainstream cultural norms and values often impose constraints on minorities. This creates barriers to their full integration into society and leaves them disadvantaged when it comes to accessing cultural and economic resources.

The Impact of Exclusion in depth

1. Psychological Challenges for Individuals

Excluded groups often experience feelings of powerlessness and isolation. This exclusion is not only reflected in the lack of material resources and opportunities but also profoundly affects an individual’s psychology and sense of identity. Those who remain in lower social strata for long periods frequently lack access to quality education, cultural activities, or social networks. This absence of cultural capital and social experience widens the perceived gap between them and mainstream society, gradually eroding their trust in and sense of belonging to the larger community.

For example, low-income workers who face prolonged unemployment often find themselves overwhelmed by the complexities of social welfare application processes. This sense of frustration can lead them to withdraw entirely, further entrenching their marginalization. Over time, the accumulation of such exclusion can result in serious psychological challenges, including self-doubt, depression, and anxiety, creating a vicious cycle that exacerbates their isolation.

2. Triggers of Social Instability

Exclusion not only harms individuals but can also pose a threat to social stability. Groups that are excluded by the system often form subcultures. While these groups may appear non-mainstream or marginalized on the surface, they represent deeper issues and contradictions within the social structure. 

For instance, impoverished communities in urban areas may become breeding grounds for gang organizations, where members may resort to illegal activities as a means of asserting their social presence. As this opposition accumulates, it can lead to larger-scale social conflicts. A clear example of this is the rise of populism, where the dissatisfaction of lower-income groups is often exploited by political forces, resulting in a rebellion against the “mainstream” class.

3. Internal Drain and Decline of Civilization Systems

When a portion of the population is excluded from the civilization system, this exclusion itself intensifies resource waste and reduces the system’s efficiency. Groups that are unable to fully participate in social and economic activities cannot contribute their potential labor and creativity to society, ultimately becoming a burden. 

For instance, a large number of children who are not in school represents a loss of future labor, and gaps in the social security system can lead to higher management costs. This not only hampers the overall development of civilization but also weakens social cohesion.

Ethical Reflections on Civilizational Exclusion

On the surface, exclusion seems to stem from imbalances in the distribution of resources and rights. However, on a deeper level, it unveils the ethical misalignment and value confusion embedded within the progress of civilization.

1. The Flaws of Efficiency-Driven Systems

Modern civilization systems prioritize efficiency as their core objective. This focus has undeniably driven social progress, enhancing productivity and optimizing resource use. Yet, an efficiency-first approach often disregards the diversity and unique needs of individuals. When systems operate through standardized and centralized mechanisms, they risk sidelining those who don’t conform to “mainstream” norms or who lack sufficient empowerment. 

For instance, urban development frequently prioritizes large commercial hubs and economic projects while neglecting the fundamental needs of grassroots communities. Although the pursuit of efficiency has its merits, if left unchecked, it may sacrifice individual rights and destabilize the equilibrium of broader societal development.

2. The Double-Edged Sword of Instrumental Rationality

Modern civilization systems inevitably rely on instrumental rationality, which treats individuals as measurable, analyzable, and controllable entities. While this approach has improved the organization and efficiency of social systems, it risks oversimplifying the complexity of human nature and ignoring people’s spiritual and emotional needs.

The labor market treats human resources as production units to maximize efficiency, but often neglects workers’ dignity and well-being. The dominance of instrumental rationality has led systems to become cold and mechanized in their pursuit of efficiency.

3. Structural Neglect of “the Other”

As philosopher Emmanuel Levinas said, the existence of the “Other” is the starting point of morality. However, in the fast pace of civilization’s development, biases often marginalize voices outside the mainstream. Immigrants and minority groups, for instance, are frequently overlooked, with their rights and quality of life starkly differing from the majority, and the system lacks adequate mechanisms for inclusion and balance.

This neglect is not intentional but stems from the system’s inability to accommodate minority perspectives in its pursuit of efficiency and standardization. As a result, these “Others” are marginalized, sometimes deliberately ignored, deepening social inequality and eroding the diverse values of the civilizational system.

Ways to Resolve the Problem

1. Redefining Human-Centered Systems

The design of civilizational systems should shift from serving the “majority” to serving “everyone”, with a focus on the needs of vulnerable groups. By including individual growth in social decisions, we can better support citizens’ well-being, reduce social unrest, and foster sustainable development. 

For instance, the government might introduce diverse educational assessments to provide suitable pathways for students of varying backgrounds, and the healthcare system should strengthen community outreach to address the health concerns of marginalized populations.

2. Structural Reforms for Systemic Inclusivity

To tackle exclusion, it is crucial to implement comprehensive and structural reforms, particularly in the areas of legal protections and the universal accessibility of public services. Reforms should ensure that the basic rights of all groups, particularly marginalized ones, are legally protected. Moreover, public service processes should be optimized to guarantee that everyone—especially vulnerable populations—can equally access societal resources.

3. Cultural Identity and Social Dialogue

The foundation for dismantling cultural hegemony lies in acknowledging diversity and creating platforms for dialogue between mainstream and minority cultures. For example, promoting multicultural education and spreading the values of inclusivity and understanding through media and community initiatives. 

One such example is Canada’s policy of integrating multicultural education at all levels of schooling, ensuring that students are exposed to diverse cultural backgrounds, knowledge, and histories.This policy not only increases social acceptance of minority groups but also reduces the cultural tensions that often lead to social exclusion and discord.

In addition, it is essential to listen to the voices of marginalized communities. Their experiences and needs should be considered as a vital part of social and cultural progress, driving us toward a more inclusive and cohesive society.

Rebuilding Social Consensus

The exclusion inherent in civilization systems reflects not only institutional shortcomings but also the fragmentation of social consensus. Therefore, addressing this issue requires the reconstruction of a social consensus based on mutual support and coexistence.

1. A Multidimensional Definition of Civil Progress

Traditional definitions of civil progress are often tied to economic growth and technological progress, but these metrics fail to encompass the needs of all members of society. Civil progress should be redefined as advancements that respect and accommodate individual differences, rather than simply a measure of material advancement or cultural export. In this new framework, the presence of marginalized groups is not seen as an anomaly but as an integral and enriching component of civilization’s broader meaning.

2. Reshaping Social Structure for Balance

The inclusivity of civilization systems can only be realized through adjustments in social structure. At present, the distribution of social resources is heavily skewed towards a small elite and power centers, while the general public and marginalized groups are systematically overlooked. To address this, policy measures such as progressive taxation and universal basic income programs should be introduced to ensure that vulnerable groups can also benefit from the advances of civilization.

3. Changing Societal Values

Overcoming exclusion in civilization demands a deep transformation in societal values. Education and cultural institutions should guide the public to recognize that everyone’s right to exist and dignity deserves respect, regardless of identity, background, or ability.

For instance, community collaboration projects, public welfare activities, and cross-cultural exchanges can be used to foster greater understanding and trust between different social groups, thereby reducing societal division and opposition.

From Exclusion to Symbiosis: A Vision for the Future of Civilization

Addressing the exclusionary aspects of civilization systems is a complex challenge that requires a fundamental shift in society—from awareness to action. The civilization of the future should be a symbiotic system, where every individual is valued as an essential part of the whole.

1. Building an Open System

The civilization system of the future must be open, able to actively absorb diverse voices and quickly adapt to the varied needs of society. In this process, more social organizations and individuals should be involved in decision-making on public affairs, ensuring that the design and operation of the system account for the interests of a wider range of groups and generate greater social welfare. Public policies should not rely solely on experts and bureaucrats but should actively seek input from all levels of society, especially the voices of marginalized groups.

2. Spiritual Dimensions of Civilization

A truly civilized society is not only materially prosperous but also spiritually fulfilled. Future civilization should focus more on people’s inner needs—such as security, belonging, and self-actualization—by integrating human-centered principles into system design.

Encouraging social participation and individual expression, and providing opportunities for interaction, will help everyone feel needed and recognized. Social groups should promote public cultural activities and volunteer projects, ensuring that everyone benefits from social welfare and contributes to the development of community and civilization.

3. Reconciliation between Civilization and Nature

The exclusionary tendencies of civilization are not only social but also environmental. As modern civilization advances, it often overlooks the damage to ecosystems and the overuse of natural resources. If future civilizations fail to address these issues, they risk undermining the well-being of all humanity. Therefore, ecological sustainability should be a central focus of future civilizations, promoting a balance and harmony between human development and the natural world.

Conclusion

The exclusion present in our civilization systems highlights a core problem: although civilization is meant to serve everyone, it often fails to do so in practice. To address this, we must approach the challenge with greater courage and wisdom, redesigning civilization to create a genuine, inclusive home for all. The true purpose of civilization is not to enforce perfect rules, but to accept and nurture imperfect lives. Only when every individual can experience dignity and belonging within society can we truly claim to have achieved a civilized world.