The Real Enemy of Civilization

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Yicheng · Apr 10, 2025
Yicheng Commonweal has written over a hundred articles, aiming to awaken the public’s fundamental understanding of goodness, virtue, civilization, ignorance, love, and progress. We originally thought that many misunderstandings and indifference stemmed from a lack of awareness. However, after engaging with more people, we discovered that for some, their evil is intentional, a disguise crafted […]

Yicheng Commonweal has written over a hundred articles, aiming to awaken the public’s fundamental understanding of goodness, virtue, civilization, ignorance, love, and progress. We originally thought that many misunderstandings and indifference stemmed from a lack of awareness. However, after engaging with more people, we discovered that for some, their evil is intentional, a disguise crafted under the guise of refined egoism.

Introduction

The development of civilization has never been smooth. Rather, it has always been shaped through a series of conflicts and power struggles that adjust its course.

At every stage, it is often those who are unwilling to accept the status quo, who hold ideals, and who take action that drive civilization forward. However, there is also always a group of “vampires” and “parasites” who excel at exploiting, attaching themselves, and draining resources, obstructing the advancement of civilization.

This conflict is not just a clash of values and interests. More profoundly, it reflects the struggle between humanity’s inner spiritual pursuits and the external societal systems.

While this struggle is fraught with challenges, it is also a crucial driving force for the evolution and purification of civilization.

The public needs to clearly recognize who is laying the foundation for civilization and who is eroding its roots.

I. The Craftsmen and Builders of Civilization: The Backbone of an Era

Civilization builders are those groups who fight for the public good and long-term values.

They can be scientists, educators, engineers, doctors, farmers, workers, or even reformers, system designers, and intellectual pioneers.

They build cities with their hands, design systems with their wisdom, uphold justice with their passion, and inspire faith with their souls.

From the mudbrick builders of ancient Babylon to the craftsmen of the Han and Tang dynasties, the thinkers of the Renaissance, and today’s practitioners working on the frontlines of research and infrastructure, these individuals are the driving force of civilization. They are the true authors of human history.

Their contributions are often invisible, but without them, civilization would be nothing more than a house of cards.

However, their contributions often go unrewarded and are frequently overlooked. They are most commonly labeled as the “silent majority,” quietly working away without seeking power or personal gain.

While they are the ones who build systems, they are not always the ones who control them. In practice, they are often marginalized, and their value is rarely acknowledged or addressed within the existing frameworks.

II. Social Exploiters and Parasites in the Cracks of the System

In contrast to civilization builders, there is a group of system opportunists. They excel at extracting excess profits from the gaps in the system, yet rarely contribute directly to the core values of civilization’s progress.

These groups may come from privileged capital, nepotistic networks, financial speculation, or they may disguise their self-interests under the guise of public welfare or freedom while engaging in hidden exchanges of benefits.

Their strength lies not in building, but in navigating the gray areas of the rules. They are skilled at packaging “injustice” as “legitimacy” and using public discourse to suppress true creators.

In the narratives they control, “efficiency” is often used to overshadow fairness, “profit-seeking” is presented as “human nature,” and the pursuit of short-term returns becomes the direction encouraged by the system.

Meanwhile, those who create long-term value often struggle to secure the resources and platform they deserve. As a result, power is concentrated in the hands of a few, while the social returns drift further away from the true value creators.

When social resources are excessively concentrated among these structural profiteers, the fairness of the incentive system is eroded, and the wisdom and efforts of builders go unrecognized and unrewarded. This damages the very foundation of civilization’s development.

III. The Struggle of Civilization: A Tug-of-War Between Progress and Regression

The relationship between builders and exploiters is not a static, binary opposition, but rather a dynamic tension within the evolving social structure. At certain historical moments, the constructive forces take the lead, driving institutional innovation and societal progress.

For instance, the formation of modern nation-states, the legal reforms spurred by the Industrial Revolution, and the establishment of representative democracy and welfare systems are all products of the builders’ dominance.

However, history also reveals another cyclical pattern: once certain groups accumulate dominant resources within the system, they may lean toward using institutionalized methods to protect their interests, ultimately suppressing reform.

This phenomenon is especially clear during the end of feudal dynasties, the resource exploitation in the colonial era, and in some stages of extreme financial liberalization. In these situations, the system becomes a tool that protects the interests of a small group, leading to concentrated resources, misaligned power, and reduced social mobility.

Therefore, the development of civilization is not a straight path forward. Instead, it is a process where builders continuously try to break through fixed structures and reshape society.

At the same time, those who benefit from the current system and unbalanced structures do not act as revolutionaries. Instead, they enter the system as “protectors,” “experts,” “elites,” or “stabilizing forces.”

Their actions, though cloaked in the name of legality, may gradually weaken the openness and sustainability of the system.

This is the deeper logic behind the tragedy of civilization: parasites do not create civilization, yet they can define it; they do not build the rules, yet they control the interpretation of those rules; they do not work to solve problems, yet they shape the distribution structure.

In the struggle of civilization, the most dangerous moments are often not when violent external enemies attack, but when there is a slow internal erosion. It is the process by which civilization gradually drifts away from its core values—a form of “self-denial of inner civilization.”

This does not immediately lead to war or revolution, but it continuously distorts social values, weakens institutional credibility, and erodes public trust, until the entire civilization loses its sense of direction and ability to regenerate.

1. “Hollowing Out” Civilization: From Plundering Material Wealth to Controlling the Mind

In the early stages, exploiters focused on the plundering of material wealth—land monopolies, tax exploitation, and resource control. However, in modern society, their tactics have shifted towards the “soft control” of culture, institutions, and human hearts.

  • They reshape educational systems and social evaluation standards to encourage young people to pursue short-term gains and glorify superficial achievements, while undervaluing practice, patience, and social responsibility.
  • By influencing the media and public discourse, they create information chaos, marginalizing serious discussions and rational public thought. This in turn makes emotional manipulation and division become the mainstream strategy for spreading ideas.
  • Through lobbying and institutional design, they gradually adjust legal frameworks to favor the interests of specific groups.
  • Even in traditional areas that carry the public spirit—such as religion, philosophy, and public welfare—they “industrialize” moral discourse through symbolic packaging and capital operations.

As this trend develops, the core systems of civilization—its language, value structures, and power mechanisms—may experience a phenomenon of being “softly taken over.” The system continues to operate, but its direction has quietly shifted.

At this point, those truly committed to knowledge production, technological progress, and ethical maintenance—the “builders”—are often gradually marginalized.

Their language seems “out of fashion” and does not align with “trends.” Their beliefs are mocked as “idealism,” and their actions are seen as “inefficient” or even “unrealistic.”

Meanwhile, a deep paradox quietly takes shape in society: those who work hardest to push society forward are the ones who receive the least recognition and support. On the other hand, those most skilled at avoiding responsibility, manipulating systems, and extracting public resources are increasingly seen as “success models,” and they dominate the direction of social values.

2. The Turn-Based Fate of Civilization: The Craftsman Phase vs. The Parasitic Phase

Throughout history, civilization often follows a “turn-based” rhythm: one phase is led by the “craftsman spirit of civilization,” where innovation, hard work, fairness, and progress become the mainstream values of society.

However, when the achievements of the system accumulate to a certain point, parasites swarm in, attaching themselves to it, cashing in on its value, and disrupting its balance.

We can observe two relatively typical cyclical trends:

The construction phase of civilization: This phase is usually characterized by high investment and a strong focus on public ideals. During this time, the system encourages innovation and collaboration, and society recognizes those who invest in the future, such as scientists, engineers, and institutional reformers. Historical examples include the Renaissance, the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, and the formation of democratic states.

The decline or solidification phase of civilization: This phase often sees excessive resource concentration and distorted systems, with vested interests maintaining their advantage through structural arrangements, causing the overall vitality of society to gradually decrease. Examples of this include the late stages of feudal dynasties, the end of colonial empire expansions, or modern stages of highly financialized capitalism, where “inefficiency and concentrated power” are common characteristics.

Between the “construction phase” and the “parasitic phase,” there often emerges a critical stage known as the “structural decline window.” The typical characteristics of this period are:

  • The economy appears to grow on the surface, but innovation capacity stagnates.
  • The institutional framework remains intact, but public trust significantly declines.
  • Material conditions are relatively abundant, yet societal anxiety and insecurity increase.
  • Public discourse becomes more active, but consensus on spiritual and value-based matters gradually dissolves.

During this transitional period, the direction of civilization’s development often faces a critical choice:
Either, constructive forces come together again, driving new institutional reforms and a rebuilding of values, leading society into a new upward cycle.
Or, entrenched interest structures become further solidified, triggering a prolonged systemic decline, ultimately resulting in social fragmentation, governance failure, and even the erosion of the very foundation of civilization.

3. Who will end the parasitism: the need for institutional reconstruction and spiritual reboot

To break the cycle of parasitism in civilization, two profound reforms must be carried out simultaneously:

  • First, a systemic reconstruction at the institutional level: This means fundamentally improving the mechanisms of power operation and resource distribution, minimizing the space for institutional abuse.
  • Second, a cultural update at the value level: This involves rebuilding society’s respect for honesty, creativity, responsibility, and dedication, making the “builder spirit” the core societal value once again. This requires not only a deepening of educational content and the reshaping of public culture but also a profound awakening of public consciousness—recognizing that what truly weakens the vitality of civilization is not technological backwardness or resource scarcity, but systemic parasites.

When society collectively realizes: Those who do not create value should not control society; those who do not put in effort should not hold power.

When the true craftsmen and builders of civilization stop being silent and instead actively speak out, organize, and take action, civilization may finally break free from the endless cycle of being parasitized, and enter a truly autonomous and sustainable development phase.

IV. The modern dilemma: Who is building, and who is exploiting?

As humanity enters the 21st century, civilization stands at an unprecedented height—frequent technological breakthroughs, fast information transmission, and close global interconnectedness. However, behind the light of civilization, new shadows are cast.

The polarization of social structures has not narrowed with the spread of knowledge and institutional progress. Instead, it has become more structured and harder to change.

In this era, the question of “who is building and who is exploiting” is no longer just a matter of class division, but a functional differentiation within a complex system. It represents a new struggle between labor and exploitation, creation and speculation, public spirit and private self-interest.

Technological achievements should be a shared benefit for humanity, but at the intermediary level of capital and institutional design, their distribution is increasingly concentrated in the hands of a few, even turning into a tool for “secondary exploitation of creators.”

For example, many startups, after being acquired, see their core ideas shelved or destroyed, leaving behind only profits from capital operations. In the platform economy, algorithms exploit millions of workers, while data and profits are controlled by a handful of major platform operators.

1. The New Form of Parasites: The Institutional Architects of Legalized Exploitation

Contemporary social parasites, unlike the historical exploiters who relied on violence, privilege, or family identity, are more “modernized.” Cloaked in the guise of “entrepreneurs,” “market experts,” and “public opinion leaders,” they use systems like law, finance, media, think tanks, and education to legitimize their extraction mechanisms.

These parasites have several distinct characteristics:

  • Mastering the Definition of “Success”: By controlling the media and educational systems, they shape the narrative that success equals “capital gain” and “social status,” making hard workers and creators appear as “failures.”
  • Expert at Systemic Arbitrage: By mastering the intricacies of systems, they exploit legal loopholes to avoid taxes, cash out, and engage in insider trading, thereby accumulating disproportionate wealth.
  • Control of Resource Gateways: They control key resource distribution rights, such as land approvals, financial permits, and public project resources, turning them into long-term power benefits.
  • Self-Legitimization Through Philanthropy: They use tools like establishing foundations, think tanks, and multinational cooperative programs to beautify their actions, covering up their erosion of institutional and societal values.

This group is not overtly anti-social; in fact, they actively seek to “fit in”—appearing at charitable events, donating to academic causes, and speaking out on environmental issues.

However, it is precisely these individuals who “alienate” the essence of civilization: no longer is it a collective effort to build a shared future for the public, but rather a mere preservation of vested interests in its formal sense.

2. The Marginalized Builders: The Silent Backbone of Society

Compared to the highly visible and influential parasites, the true builders of civilization—philosophers, teachers, engineers, grassroots doctors, entrepreneurs, social workers—are often marginalized. They are “underestimated,” “underpaid,” and “disrespected,” yet they perform functions that are indispensable to the operation of the system.

In many countries, the most crucial public professions are also the ones with the weakest bargaining power. A scientist might spend a decade developing a breakthrough material, only to find it overshadowed by the profit of a viral product. A primary school educator bears the weight of shaping the next generation’s spirit, but struggles just to make a living.

The neglect of the builder class is not only a matter of distribution, but also a matter of symbolism: it symbolizes a shift in the spiritual center of civilization, where the system no longer honors creation but instead rewards manipulation.

3. Systemic Parasitism from a Global Perspective: From Nation-States to Super-Capital Entities

Globalization has not yet led to the balanced structure of a shared human destiny as initially envisioned. Instead, in many instances, it has evolved into a new form of colonial system—not through military occupation but via capital control, debt chains, and data dominance.

  • Countries in the “Global South” are now placed on low-price positions within the raw materials chain, while high-value-added products and financial systems are firmly controlled by the “Global North.”
    The intellectual property system increasingly serves to suppress innovation rather than promote it, with tech giants monopolizing global digital rights.
  • The intellectual property system increasingly serves to suppress innovation rather than promote it, with tech giants monopolizing global digital rights.
  • Multinational corporations have become “super parasites,” feeding off the world while avoiding taxes in their home countries, exploiting weaker nations, and lobbying for political systems that favor their own interests.

This represents a new issue for global civilization: it is not a conflict between different civilizations, but a clash between global parasitic mechanisms and global constructive efforts. The former is invisible yet powerful, while the latter is tangible but isolated.

V. Reconstructing the Future of Civilization: Ending the Parasitic Mechanism

The history of civilization should not be a continuous tragic cycle: construction, parasitism, corruption, collapse, and reconstruction, followed by more parasitism. If, with all the advanced knowledge, information technology, and governance tools available in the 21st century, humanity continues to repeat these old patterns, it will be a self-betrayal that history cannot forgive.

What we need is not just reform, but a complete reconstruction of civilization. This requires severing the roots of parasitic structures at the institutional level and awakening the builders’ mindset to once again become the guiding force of society. Only then can the “craftsmen of civilization” truly become the heart of society, rather than remaining as invisible gears in the machinery.

1. Establishing Anti-Parasitic Institutional Mechanisms: Transparency, Accountability, and Anti-Incentives

First and foremost, we need to establish systematic “anti-parasitic mechanisms” at the institutional level. These mechanisms should deprive parasitic behaviors in society of their fertile ground and create continuous institutional disincentives for parasites.

  • Complete Transparency in Resource Distribution: Key resources such as public finance, land approval, project bidding, and research funding should be governed by real-time, publicly accessible tracking systems. This will close any loopholes in the system that might enable rent-seeking and prevent resources from being siphoned off by a few.
  • Reconstructing the “Legitimacy of Wealth” Review System: Wealth should no longer be presumed to be legitimate simply because it is owned. Instead, we must trace the public contributions made during the accumulation of wealth, and impose high “anti-system use taxes” on wealth derived from institutional manipulation.
  • Introducing a “Civilizational Liability Balance Sheet” Mechanism: This mechanism should not only assess the economic contributions of businesses and individuals but also evaluate their systemic impacts on social ethics, ecology, labor relations, and other sectors. Parasites in this system will find it impossible to get credits or resource support.

True institutional justice is not about the illusion of equal distribution, but about distinguishing between “value creation” and “systemic extraction” in evaluations and using this distinction to guide rewards and penalties.

2. Rebuilding Public Spirit: Cultural and Educational Value Realignment

While institutional reform is crucial, without the internalization of public spirit, it will eventually degenerate into formalized “paper policies.” Therefore, the cultural and educational systems must be the core support for the reconstruction of civilization.

Rebuilding Education’s Mission with the “Public Builder Spirit”

The core of education should no longer focus on “success” defined by fame and profit, but instead, it should return to cultivating a sense of responsibility, honesty, creativity, and civic awareness. The “creators of public value”—whether they are teachers, researchers, grassroots engineers—should be held up as societal role models, replacing the individual hero narrative of the “winner-takes-all” mentality.

Cultural Resources Shifting Toward Practicality and Creativity

Through policy support and platform guidance, mainstream culture should encourage positive narratives around craftsmanship, scientific exploration, and grassroots laborers. These individuals should gain the respect and visibility they deserve in film, media, and public discourse, rather than being marginalized as the “silent majority” or mere “functional tools.”

Rebuilding an Independent and Rational Public Cultural Ecosystem

Breaking the dominance of cultural capital-driven single-narrative frameworks, we must support the development of public media, independent publishing, and knowledge-based communities, granting more space for diverse voices to be heard. This will help detach culture from excessive commercialization and return it to rational discourse, making it the “engine of thought” that drives social consensus and institutional advancement.

Without a cultural layer of “social civilization re-education,” parasitic structures will merely disguise themselves in new, more sophisticated forms and continue to counterattack.

3. Reshaping Social Structure: Resource Redistribution Centered on Constructive Functions

Rebuilding the structure of civilization is not about simply “redistributing the cake,” but about designing the flow of resources based on the creativity and sustainability of social functions. In other words—those who contribute to society’s sustainable development should be the ones who receive more support.

  • Establish a “civilizational-supporting professions” system of security: for fields like education, healthcare, basic research, environmental protection, and public services, set up long-term investment and institutional incentive systems to prevent these professions from being marginalized under the commercial return-oriented model. These careers may not produce immediate results, but they are the foundation of long-term societal stability and the leap toward a higher civilization.
  • Encourage long-term investment capital: promote the shift of the capital market toward “patient capital,” offering tax and policy incentives to those investing in long-term research and foundational industries, and creating a priority system for “social construction investors.”
  • Use the “social production function” instead of “market pricing” as the standard for distribution: introduce public economic indicators and social welfare functions into resource decision-making, to prevent market signals from misleading the social structure systematically.

The essence of structure does not lie in the concentration of wealth, but in whether the flow of resources serves public construction and the welfare of the people.

4. A Global Framework for Civilizational Collaboration

In the context of globalization, the reconstruction of civilization cannot be limited to a single country, as the parasitic mechanisms will continue to expand in more covert transnational forms. A global system of collaboration to confront these issues must be established:

  • Reconstruct the global governance power structure: Break the control of a few powerful nations over discourse and institutional rules. Create a global “builders’ alliance” platform for discourse, and push for developing countries to have more leadership in resource design and technological cooperation.
  • Establish a “Global Anti-Parasitism Treaty”: Through international agreements, limit the systematic exploitation of labor and resources by multinational corporations, and curb the global spread of “legally unjust” practices.
  • Promote cross-cultural integration of constructive values: Foster mutual understanding and co-building of values among different civilizations, creating a “shared construction ethics” that transcends ideology.

Only by exposing “global parasites” and enabling “global civilization builders” to work in unison, can humanity truly enter a future of co-construction and shared prosperity.

5. Activating Social Construction Organizations: From the Silent Majority to an Actionable Community

Lastly, and most fundamentally, is the need to activate the self-organizing power of civilization builders. If these builders remain silent, fragmented, and isolated, no matter how just the systems and values may be, they will struggle to form substantial checks and balances against parasitic mechanisms.

  • Build a Civilization Builders’ Alliance and Artisan Citizens’ Community: Connect the practical, creative, and responsible individuals across various fields to form a new public discourse and collective organizational capacity. In fact, “Yicheng Commonweal” is such an organization.
  • Support Anti-Parasitism Citizen Movements: Encourage the use of legal, peaceful, and sustainable methods to expose and confront parasitic structures, promoting gradual institutional change rather than violent rupture.
  • Create Builder-Led Digital Spaces and Financial Systems: Build decentralized collaboration platforms and distributed financing systems to break the parasitic control over platforms and credit.

The fate of civilization ultimately does not rest in the hands of the “rulers,” but in the hands of the countless grounded, hard-working artisans.

Conclusion: Who Owns Civilization? Who Determines the Future?

“What does civilization belong to?” This is not just a philosophical question; it is the fundamental choice regarding the future of civilization.

Civilization should belong to those who work quietly, who stay grounded, bear responsibility, and ignite hope—those who, even in the gaps of the system, persist in goodness, uphold justice, and are not swayed by profit. These are the builders of society.

However, the reality is often the opposite. Power over discourse and distribution lies in the hands of a few who excel at manipulating systems and exploiting outcomes. The parasites do not create, yet they define order; they do not contribute, yet they control the rules.

This is a regression of civilization and a significant risk to the human spirit.

Today, we face not only technological and ecological challenges but also the disarray of values and systems. In a world dominated by attention and capital manipulation, the builders have grown silent, and the foundation of civilization is quietly eroding.

But the course of history is never merely a matter of fate—it is also a matter of choice.

The future does not belong to the manipulators but to the builders. The direction of civilization should be written by those who create.

Let us return “the key to civilization” to those who truly deserve it.

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文明とは?なぜここまでミステリチックなの?

Yicheng · Nov 7, 2024

本文は、あるボランティア会議で道何先生が「文明とは何か」について語った内容をメンバーとして記録したものである。記録に不完全な点があるかもしれないが、ご了承いただきたい。 はじめに 最近、一乗公益のビジョンと目標を他者に説明する際、ある奇妙なことに気づきました。それは、多くの人々が「文明」という概念を理解していないか、あるいは誤解しているという点です。文明という概念は非常に抽象的で、まるで捉えどころのない怪物のようであり、理解しがたいものです。 文明の視点を欠いた場合、社会の未来を見通すことは難しくなります。それは、目を失った人が進むべき道を見失うようなものです。私は文明とは何か、そしてなぜ一乗公益を立ち上げ、文明の進展を推進する必要があるのかについて少し述べたいと思います。 一、文明の定義 文明とは、人類社会が発展する過程で形作られた物質的および精神的な成果の総称であり、政治・経済システム、社会制度や法律、文化、価値体系の形成と変遷を含むものです。文明は一軒の家のようなものであり、その中で生活する人々を守っています。政治体制や経済構造、教育、文化、法律、社会福祉などが、この家の規模、質、装飾を構成し、無意識のうちに人々の生活の質や精神に影響を与えます。言い換えると、社会の平均生活水準や幸福度は、その社会の文明の程度によって決まるのです。 当然ながら家には優劣があります。ある文明は崩れかけたボロボロな家のようで、人々の生存を保障できない一方、別の文明は高級別荘のように、住む人々に快適さと幸福を提供します。人類はより幸福な生活を追求し続けており、これが社会文明の絶え間ない向上の原動力となっています。 問題は、どのようにして社会の文明度を判断し、測るかという点です。文明度の高い社会では、制度やシステムが人々の幸福や利益を保障し、善や道徳、愛、尊厳の育成や発展が充実しており、あらゆる面での発展が活気に満ちています。一方で、文明度の低い社会では、善や道徳、愛、尊厳が軽視され、邪悪な思想や行動が助長され、人々の幸福は損なわれ、社会は悪循環に陥ります。 文明度の高い社会では、個人の成長は社会から支援され、比較的少ない努力で成功と幸福を得られます。反対に、文明の低い社会では、個人の成長が制限され、同じ生活水準に到達するために何倍もの努力が必要となり、人々は多くの不幸や苦しみを抱えていることが多いです。文明の本質を理解した上で異なる社会を見ると、それぞれの文明の違いが一目でわかるようになるでしょう。 現在に至っても、地球上の社会間には文明の差が依然として顕著に存在し、幸福度の差も明らかです。この点は、移民の動向に如実に反映されています。人々は必ずしも文明についての明確な概念を持っているわけではありませんが、幸福の追求は世界中の人々の共通の目標であり、多くの人々が自然と文明度の高い国での生活を選ぶ理由の一つとなっています。 二、文明の維持と向上の必要性 人々が文明に対する視点や基準を欠いていると、人類の歴史の進展を理解できず、文明の未来や方向性を見通すことが難しくなります。その結果、次のような典型的な認識が形成される可能性があります。 一: 過去の経済発展や科学的な創造で人類社会が達成した成果を見て、社会が「自然」に発展すれば生活水準がますます良くなると盲目的に楽観視すること。 二: 歴史上で異なる時代に文明が衰退し崩壊した事例や、さまざまな人為的な災難を見て、「人間の本性は悪であり、社会の進歩を促せないため、将来は文明が必ず滅亡する」という片面的結論を導き出すこと。 三: 将来を見通せないため、問題について考えることをやめ、個人の生活と社会発展が無関係で、すべては個人の努力次第と考えたり、未来への展望を欠いて「今を生きる」と称して現状に甘んじること。 実際、上記のいずれの認識も誤りであり、誤った人生の選択を導く可能性があります。文明の変遷や発展は客観的で中立的なものであり、その社会の人々の選択に依存しているからです。歴史とは、人々の選択と行動に対するフィードバックに過ぎません。それは自然の過程ではなく、文明の向上は社会の有志が社会問題を思索し解決していく不断の努力にかかっているのです。こうした思索や努力がなければ、社会の進歩は難しいでしょう。 大多数の人々が悪を容認し、善の進展を促さない選択をした場合、社会の腐敗が進み、社会は衰退へと向かいます。一方、人々が善と徳を選び、悪や不正に対抗する道を選べば、社会は幸福と希望をもたらす前向きな方向に発展していきます。 選択しないこともまた一つの選択です。現状に不満があっても変化を求めずに従うだけであれば、悪の横行や人為的な災害が発生する原因となります。文明が良い方向へ進まない場合、停滞や後退が起こります。イギリスの歴史学者アーノルド・J・トインビーの言葉にある通り、「文明の滅亡は他殺ではなく自殺である」のです。 したがって、人々は経済、政治、教育、法律、文化思想、福祉保障システムといった社会のさまざまな制度やシステムを維持し、向上させる必要があります。このような社会的な実践が人々の生活水準を向上させ、幸福と希望をもたらし、文明という「家」を拡張しアップグレードさせる原動力となります。 三、人類文明の異なる段階 古代から現代に至るまで、人類社会は異なる文明の段階を経験してきました。それを大まかに分類すると、次の段階に分けられます: 1. 奴隷社会: 一部の人々が他の人々を無慈悲に搾取する社会形態。奴隷の認識において、自分は常に他者に従属しており、主に仕えることがすべてです。 2. 封建独裁社会: 圧制、欺瞞、統治、特権などによって人々を搾取する社会形態。人々は卑屈に生き、思想は制限され、社会に無関心で、自分と家族の生活だけを気にかけ、社会の発展には関心を持ちません。 3. 資本経済社会: 商業雇用や協力関係に基づく資本金融の社会形態で、資本による搾取や金融詐欺のリスクが伴います。自由、民主、平等の価値観が認められ、人々は自分の権利を守るために政治に参加するようになります。 4. 社会公民社会: 共創・共助・共栄の理念に基づき、公民に奉仕する資本金融の社会形態であり、資本家だけが利益を享受するのではなく、社会公民が主な受益者となります。自由、民主、平等、創造の価値観が人々の心に深く根付き、社会の指導者および推進者として人々が主体的に活動します。 文明の差異とは、ある国が社会公民社会へ移行しようとしている一方で、他の国が封建独裁社会にとどまっているような状況を指しています。これが世界中の人々の生活の質や文化的価値観に大きな差をもたらしています。これは私たちの時代における痛ましい現実であり、私たちが努力して埋めなければならない文明の格差です。 四、信仰は文明の魂 社会文明がどのように発展しようとも、信仰の価値は常に不変であり、それは太陽のように、文明の後進によって輝きを失うことも、先進によって色あせることもありません。信仰は人々が善と徳を追求するための原動力であり、人間の魂の選択です。信仰の支えや指針がなければ、善行は長続きしません。文明が低い社会においては、信仰こそが唯一の救いであり、行動を促す原動力であり、社会変革の精神的な力となります。 信仰とは宗教に限らず、善と徳を促進するあらゆる価値観を含むものです。たとえ宗教を信じない人であっても、自由、平等、民主、公正といった思想を信じていれば、それもまた正しい信仰であり、その人を社会発展の道へと導きます。このため、一乗公益が信仰の進化と発展を推進する理由はここにあります。 五、教育は文明の未来を形づくる 教育は社会の後継者を育成するものです。社会の各メンバーの老後の保障は、私たちが維持し、向上させてきたさまざまな制度に依存していると同時に、現在の教育からも生まれています。この道理は明らかですが、しばしば人々に見過ごされています。教育は、社会の各分野のリーダーを育成し、彼らが将来の社会発展を主導する役割を果たすことになります。 時代遅れの教育によって育てられた人材は、時代の進歩や要求に対応できず、社会の発展に後継が絶える要因となります。一方で、進歩的な教育は文明の発展に大きな推進力をもたらします。 教育が市民の成長を支援し、市民の素質と正しい価値観を養成し、市民の潜在能力を引き出すことができなければ、人材の大きな浪費が生じ、文明の発展が後退し、社会の成長も停滞することになります。 文明についてのいくつかの誤解についても、道何先生は独自の見解を示されました。 1. 社会の文明度はその経済発展の度合いによって決まる。 経済発展は文明の進歩に必要な条件であり、その表れでもあります。しかし、経済発展は十分条件ではありません。社会の文明度が高いほど、思想の自由度や創造性が高まり、人々はより協力し合い、助け合い、共有するようになります。その結果、経済もより発展する傾向があります。 しかし、前述の通り、文明には社会のさまざまなシステムや制度が含まれており、経済構造はその一部に過ぎません。他にも、政治体制や文化的価値観など、目に見えるものから見えないものまで、多くのシステムが文明の進展に影響を与えています。これらは、社会の発展を推進する原動力として相互に作用しています。たとえ経済が発展していても、他のシステムが遅れている場合、その社会のリスク耐性は弱まり、長期的な発展の原動力も不足することになります。 例を挙げると、紀元前3~2世紀に、古代ローマとカルタゴの間で「ポエニ戦争」と呼ばれる3度の大戦が起こりました。最終的にカルタゴは滅亡しましたが、歴史を詳しく見ると、カルタゴはローマと比べて商業が非常に発達し、強力な海軍を持つ帝国でした。それにもかかわらず、なぜローマに敗北したのでしょうか? その理由は、ローマが経済や海軍力だけでなく、政治、法律、外交といった他のシステムでもカルタゴを上回っていたためです。特に社会文化的な価値観の形成において、ローマ人は愛国心が強く、国家の存続を何よりも重視していました。このような価値観が社会の結束力を高め、敵の猛攻を受けても決して屈しない強靭さを生み出したのです。 一方、カルタゴは非常に裕福で、その富がローマの狙いの的となりました。しかし、カルタゴ人は商業利益に専念し、自国を守るために立ち上がることを避け、軍隊ですら外国からの傭兵に頼っていました。その結果、傭兵たちは全力を尽くさず、戦敗時にはローマ側に寝返ることもありました。さらに、優れた将軍ハンニバルが登場したにもかかわらず、カルタゴ政府は彼を十分に支援できず、戦争の敗北と国家滅亡の原因となりました。 このことからわかるように、経済の発展は確かに社会に恩恵をもたらしますが、他のシステムが欠けていると、経済発展は「持てる者の罪」として他者から狙われやすくなります。このような社会では、外部からの侵害がなくても、経済が発達しすぎているのに思想や文化の更新が滞りしているせいで、人々は空虚と迷茫に陥り、腐敗の種がまかれる可能性があります。 2. 文明とは社会の道徳水準そのものであるため、原始部族は公有制で階級も存在しないため、より文明的である。 […]

文明到底是什么怪物,让我们如此难以理解?

Yicheng · Nov 7, 2024

本文源于一次志愿者会议,道何老师向大家讲述什么是文明,我作为成员记录。记录中偶有不全之处,请大家谅解。 前言 最近,在向他人讲述一乘公益愿景和目标时,我发现了一个奇怪的事情。很多人不了解什么是文明,或者对这个概念存在误解。文明如此抽象,像个怪物一样,让人难以理解。 如果大家都缺乏文明的视角,就难以看清社会未来的方向,如同一个人失去了眼睛,无法看清楚前路的方向。下面我就谈谈什么是文明,为什么要组建一乘公益,推动文明的进步。 一、文明的定义 文明是指人类社会在发展过程中形成的物质与精神成果的总和,涵盖着政治经济系统、社会制度与法律、文化、价值体系的塑造与演变。文明就如同一座房子,保障着生活在其中的人们。政治体制、经济结构、教育、文化、法律、社会福利保障等等,共同构成了房子的大小、质量与装修,潜移默化地影响着人们生活质量和精神面貌。换言之,一个社会中人们的平均生活水平和幸福程度,是由这个社会文明的情况决定的。 文明如房子,房子与房子之间,自然有高低之分。有些文明如同破房烂瓦,难以保障人的生存,而有些文明就如同高级别墅,能让生活在其中的人感到舒适快乐。人类一直在追求更加幸福的生活,这是社会文明不断提升的动力。 问题在于,如何去判断和衡量一个社会的文明程度呢?一个社会的文明程度越高,社会制度与各种系统对人们的幸福与利益保障程度越高,社会对善、道德、爱、尊严的培养、发展和保障越到位,各方面的发展越欣欣向荣。文明程度低的社会则致力于践踏社会中的善、道德、爱、尊严,鼓励邪恶的思想和操作,削弱和摧残人的幸福,发展陷入恶性循环。 文明程度高的地方,人们的发展是受到社会支持的,付出相对较少的努力就能获得成功与幸福。而在文明低下的地方,人的发展是非常受限的,往往要付出百千倍的努力,才能达到前者的生活质量,人们也普遍承受着各种不幸与痛苦。当你理解了文明的内涵,再去看待不同的社会,对它们之间的文明差别就会非常了然。 即便到了如今,地球上不同社会之间的文明差距依然十分明显,平均幸福程度的差距也一目了然,这一点完全体现在了移民上。人们可能对文明没有清晰的概念,但是对于幸福的追求是全世界人们共同的目标和心愿,所以很多人会自然而然地选择去文明程度更高的国度生活。 二、文明需要维护与升级 当人们缺乏文明视角和尺度时,就会难以理解人类历史发展的脉络,无法看到文明的未来和方向,如此可能会形成以下几种典型的认知: 第一种:因为看到了人类社会过去在经济上的发展和科学创造上取得的成就,所以盲目乐观,认为随着社会“自然”地发展,人类生活水平会变得越来越好。 第二种:看到了历史上不同时期文明的衰落和倾覆,看到了种种人为的灾难,于是得出片面的结论,即人性本恶,人们的所作所为无法推动社会的进步,由此推论出将来人们必将重蹈覆辙,文明将会败亡。 第三种:因为看不清,所以干脆闭上了眼睛,根本不会思考这样的问题,甚至认为个体的生活与社会发展无关,完全取决于个人的努力;或者对未来缺乏展望,开启躺平模式,然后自诩活在当下。 实际上,以上三种认知都有问题,会导致错误的人生选择。因为文明的演变和发展完全是客观的,中性的,取决于一个社会中人们自身的选择,而历史只是人们选择与行动的反馈。这并非是一个自然的过程——文明的提升有赖于社会上的有志之士不断地去思考和解决社会中的问题,如果缺乏这种思考和努力,社会就难以进步。 当绝大多数人们选择了容忍和纵容邪恶,不去推动善的进步,那么社会中腐败的因素就会增加,社会将朝着败亡的方向发展。当人们选择了善与德,选择了反抗邪恶和不公,社会就会朝着正向的方向发展,给人带来幸福与希望。 不选择也是一种选择。如果人们对于现状不满,却不去做出改变,而只是顺从,就会导致邪恶的猖獗和人为灾难的发生。文明如果不朝着好的方向发展,就会发生停滞甚至倒退现象。正如英国历史学家汤恩比所说:“文明的败亡不是他杀,而是自杀。” 所以人们需要持续地去维护和提升社会中的各种系统与制度,包括经济、政治、教育、法律、文化思想、福利保障体系等等,这样的社会实践才能不断提升人们的生活质量,给人们带来源源不断的幸福与希望,文明的房子才能扩建和升级。 三、人类文明的不同阶段 从古至今,人类社会经历了不同的文明阶段,大致可以划分为:奴隶社会、封建特权专制社会、资本经济专制社会,在未来,我们会见证社会公民专制社会的出现。每一个阶段都有其鲜明的特征,总结如下: 1. 奴隶社会:一群人无情地剥削另一群人的社会模式。在奴隶的认知里,自己总是附属于另一个人,只需要服务好主人即可。 2. 封建特权专制社会:依勒索,欺骗,统治,绑架,特权,驭民五术等奴役剥削民众的社会模式。人们活得卑微,思想受限,心态冷漠,只关心自己和家人的生活,不关心社会的发展。 3. 资本经济专制社会:依买卖商业雇佣合作关系等方式而形成的资本金融模式社会,但是人民面临被资本剥削、被金融欺骗的风险。自由、民主、平等的价值观得到认同,人们为了保障自己的权益,普遍会参与政治。 4. 社会公民专制社会:依合作共赢共创共享方式为社会公民服务的资本金融模式社会,资本家不再是唯一收益者,受益者主要成了社会公民。自由、民主、平等,创造的价值观深入人心,人们成为社会事务的主导者和推动者。 文明的参差在于:当有些国家将要进入社会公民专制社会时,有些国家还停留于封建特权专制社会,从而造成了全球人们生活质量和文化价值观的巨大差距。这是令人心痛的事实,也是我们这个世代的人们需要努力去弥补的文明差距。 四、信仰是文明的灵魂 无论社会文明如何发展,信仰的价值始终是恒定的,如同天上的太阳,其光辉不因文明的落后而黯淡,也不因文明的先进而失色。信仰是人们追求善与德的动力,是人们灵魂深处的选择。缺乏信仰的支撑与引导,善行很难持久。在文明低下的社会中,信仰是唯一的救赎,是促使人们行动的动力,是引导社会改变的精神力量。 信仰不止是宗教,而是一切促进善与德的价值观。有人不相信任何宗教,却坚信自由、平等、民主、公正的思想,这也是一种正确的信仰,能够指引一个人走上推动社会发展的道路。这也是一乘公益推动信仰升级和发展的根本原因。 五、教育塑造文明的未来 教育是培养社会接班人。每一个社会成员年老时的保障,来源于我们努力维护和升级的种种系统,也来源于我们现有的教育。道理显而易见,却经常被人忽视。教育将培养社会各个领域的领袖,他们将主导未来社会的发展。 过时的教育培养出的人才跟不上时代的进步和要求,造成社会发展的后继乏力;反之,进步的教育能为文明的发展带来巨大的动力。 如果教育无法保障公民的成长,培养公民的素质和正确的价值观,发掘公民的潜力,就会导致人力资源的巨大浪费,文明的发展失去后劲,社会失去发展的可能性。 关于文明思考的一些误区,道何老师提出了她自己的见解。 1. 一个社会的文明程度由社会的经济发达程度决定。 经济发展是文明进步的必要条件,是文明进步的体现,却不是充分条件。一个社会的文明程度越高,思想自由度和创造力越高,人们越能合作互助共享,经济也倾向于更加发达。 然而,如前文所言,文明包含了一个社会的种种系统和制度,经济结构只是其中的一个系统,还有政治体系、文化价值观等有形或无形的系统在影响文明的进程,共同决定了一个社会的发展动力。一个经济发达的社会,如果其他系统落后,结果就是这个社会的抗风险能力会受到削弱,而且长期的发展动力不足。 举个例子,在公元前3-2世纪之间,古罗马和迦太基古国曾经发生过三次大型的战争,史称“布匿战争”,最终以迦太基的覆灭收场。细究历史就会发现,迦太基相比古罗马,是一个商业非常发达的帝国,且拥有强大的海军实力,为什么会输给经济实力和军事实力都不如自己的罗马呢? 原因就是,罗马除了经济和海军实力,在其他系统上基本都比迦太基先进,如政治、法律、外交等方面。尤其是在社会文化价值观的塑造上,罗马人普遍爱国,重视国家存亡胜于一切,这种价值观就是社会的凝聚力,让罗马人面对敌人的重创时依然坚挺不拔。 相比之下,迦太基非常富裕,不然也不会成为罗马盘算的对象。迦太基人连军队都是从外国雇来的,因为人们专注于商业盈利,甚至不愿意挺身而出去保护自己的国家。结果就是,雇佣军无法全力以赴,甚至还会在战败时倒戈向罗马一方。即使后来有了强大的将领汉尼拔,迦太基政府未能给汉尼拔充足的支持,间接导致了战争的失败和迦太基国的灭亡。 由此可见,经济的发达确实能够为社会带来福利,但是缺乏其他系统保障的经济发展,很可能成为一块引人垂涎的肥肉,所谓怀璧其罪,正是如此。即便没有外来的因素破坏这样的社会,人们也会因为经济过于发达而思想文化缺乏更新,而陷入无尽的空虚与迷茫之中,从而埋下腐败的种子。 2. 因为文明就是一个社会的道德水平。而原始部落一般是公有制,也没有阶级的出现和划分,所以原始部落更加文明。 首先,原始部落时期,人类社会的规模小、生产力低,尚未发展出复杂的分工与协作体系。社会依赖于直接的资源共享和简单的生产方式,而不是建立在科技、文化和经济交换基础上的高度组织化社会。因此,在这个阶段讨论“文明”的程度是没有意义的。 其次,部落成员之间的生活方式和人际关系更多是出于生存需要,而非高尚的道德选择。换句话说,原始部落的公有制并非基于道德或社会契约,而是因为资源有限、生产力低下,所以为了生存,采取了最适合当时条件的资源共享方式。 将原始部落的资源分配方式与道德水平或文明高度直接挂钩,实际上是对“文明”概念的误解和简化。文明的核心在于如何有效组织和管理社会,以提升全体成员的福祉,保障个体的幸福。 不知不觉记录了这么多,疏漏的地方,请大家谅解。

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