The Real Enemy of Civilization

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Yicheng · Apr 10, 2025
Yicheng Commonweal has written over a hundred articles, aiming to awaken the public’s fundamental understanding of goodness, virtue, civilization, ignorance, love, and progress. We originally thought that many misunderstandings and indifference stemmed from a lack of awareness. However, after engaging with more people, we discovered that for some, their evil is intentional, a disguise crafted […]

Yicheng Commonweal has written over a hundred articles, aiming to awaken the public’s fundamental understanding of goodness, virtue, civilization, ignorance, love, and progress. We originally thought that many misunderstandings and indifference stemmed from a lack of awareness. However, after engaging with more people, we discovered that for some, their evil is intentional, a disguise crafted under the guise of refined egoism.

Introduction

The development of civilization has never been smooth. Rather, it has always been shaped through a series of conflicts and power struggles that adjust its course.

At every stage, it is often those who are unwilling to accept the status quo, who hold ideals, and who take action that drive civilization forward. However, there is also always a group of “vampires” and “parasites” who excel at exploiting, attaching themselves, and draining resources, obstructing the advancement of civilization.

This conflict is not just a clash of values and interests. More profoundly, it reflects the struggle between humanity’s inner spiritual pursuits and the external societal systems.

While this struggle is fraught with challenges, it is also a crucial driving force for the evolution and purification of civilization.

The public needs to clearly recognize who is laying the foundation for civilization and who is eroding its roots.

I. The Craftsmen and Builders of Civilization: The Backbone of an Era

Civilization builders are those groups who fight for the public good and long-term values.

They can be scientists, educators, engineers, doctors, farmers, workers, or even reformers, system designers, and intellectual pioneers.

They build cities with their hands, design systems with their wisdom, uphold justice with their passion, and inspire faith with their souls.

From the mudbrick builders of ancient Babylon to the craftsmen of the Han and Tang dynasties, the thinkers of the Renaissance, and today’s practitioners working on the frontlines of research and infrastructure, these individuals are the driving force of civilization. They are the true authors of human history.

Their contributions are often invisible, but without them, civilization would be nothing more than a house of cards.

However, their contributions often go unrewarded and are frequently overlooked. They are most commonly labeled as the “silent majority,” quietly working away without seeking power or personal gain.

While they are the ones who build systems, they are not always the ones who control them. In practice, they are often marginalized, and their value is rarely acknowledged or addressed within the existing frameworks.

II. Social Exploiters and Parasites in the Cracks of the System

In contrast to civilization builders, there is a group of system opportunists. They excel at extracting excess profits from the gaps in the system, yet rarely contribute directly to the core values of civilization’s progress.

These groups may come from privileged capital, nepotistic networks, financial speculation, or they may disguise their self-interests under the guise of public welfare or freedom while engaging in hidden exchanges of benefits.

Their strength lies not in building, but in navigating the gray areas of the rules. They are skilled at packaging “injustice” as “legitimacy” and using public discourse to suppress true creators.

In the narratives they control, “efficiency” is often used to overshadow fairness, “profit-seeking” is presented as “human nature,” and the pursuit of short-term returns becomes the direction encouraged by the system.

Meanwhile, those who create long-term value often struggle to secure the resources and platform they deserve. As a result, power is concentrated in the hands of a few, while the social returns drift further away from the true value creators.

When social resources are excessively concentrated among these structural profiteers, the fairness of the incentive system is eroded, and the wisdom and efforts of builders go unrecognized and unrewarded. This damages the very foundation of civilization’s development.

III. The Struggle of Civilization: A Tug-of-War Between Progress and Regression

The relationship between builders and exploiters is not a static, binary opposition, but rather a dynamic tension within the evolving social structure. At certain historical moments, the constructive forces take the lead, driving institutional innovation and societal progress.

For instance, the formation of modern nation-states, the legal reforms spurred by the Industrial Revolution, and the establishment of representative democracy and welfare systems are all products of the builders’ dominance.

However, history also reveals another cyclical pattern: once certain groups accumulate dominant resources within the system, they may lean toward using institutionalized methods to protect their interests, ultimately suppressing reform.

This phenomenon is especially clear during the end of feudal dynasties, the resource exploitation in the colonial era, and in some stages of extreme financial liberalization. In these situations, the system becomes a tool that protects the interests of a small group, leading to concentrated resources, misaligned power, and reduced social mobility.

Therefore, the development of civilization is not a straight path forward. Instead, it is a process where builders continuously try to break through fixed structures and reshape society.

At the same time, those who benefit from the current system and unbalanced structures do not act as revolutionaries. Instead, they enter the system as “protectors,” “experts,” “elites,” or “stabilizing forces.”

Their actions, though cloaked in the name of legality, may gradually weaken the openness and sustainability of the system.

This is the deeper logic behind the tragedy of civilization: parasites do not create civilization, yet they can define it; they do not build the rules, yet they control the interpretation of those rules; they do not work to solve problems, yet they shape the distribution structure.

In the struggle of civilization, the most dangerous moments are often not when violent external enemies attack, but when there is a slow internal erosion. It is the process by which civilization gradually drifts away from its core values—a form of “self-denial of inner civilization.”

This does not immediately lead to war or revolution, but it continuously distorts social values, weakens institutional credibility, and erodes public trust, until the entire civilization loses its sense of direction and ability to regenerate.

1. “Hollowing Out” Civilization: From Plundering Material Wealth to Controlling the Mind

In the early stages, exploiters focused on the plundering of material wealth—land monopolies, tax exploitation, and resource control. However, in modern society, their tactics have shifted towards the “soft control” of culture, institutions, and human hearts.

  • They reshape educational systems and social evaluation standards to encourage young people to pursue short-term gains and glorify superficial achievements, while undervaluing practice, patience, and social responsibility.
  • By influencing the media and public discourse, they create information chaos, marginalizing serious discussions and rational public thought. This in turn makes emotional manipulation and division become the mainstream strategy for spreading ideas.
  • Through lobbying and institutional design, they gradually adjust legal frameworks to favor the interests of specific groups.
  • Even in traditional areas that carry the public spirit—such as religion, philosophy, and public welfare—they “industrialize” moral discourse through symbolic packaging and capital operations.

As this trend develops, the core systems of civilization—its language, value structures, and power mechanisms—may experience a phenomenon of being “softly taken over.” The system continues to operate, but its direction has quietly shifted.

At this point, those truly committed to knowledge production, technological progress, and ethical maintenance—the “builders”—are often gradually marginalized.

Their language seems “out of fashion” and does not align with “trends.” Their beliefs are mocked as “idealism,” and their actions are seen as “inefficient” or even “unrealistic.”

Meanwhile, a deep paradox quietly takes shape in society: those who work hardest to push society forward are the ones who receive the least recognition and support. On the other hand, those most skilled at avoiding responsibility, manipulating systems, and extracting public resources are increasingly seen as “success models,” and they dominate the direction of social values.

2. The Turn-Based Fate of Civilization: The Craftsman Phase vs. The Parasitic Phase

Throughout history, civilization often follows a “turn-based” rhythm: one phase is led by the “craftsman spirit of civilization,” where innovation, hard work, fairness, and progress become the mainstream values of society.

However, when the achievements of the system accumulate to a certain point, parasites swarm in, attaching themselves to it, cashing in on its value, and disrupting its balance.

We can observe two relatively typical cyclical trends:

The construction phase of civilization: This phase is usually characterized by high investment and a strong focus on public ideals. During this time, the system encourages innovation and collaboration, and society recognizes those who invest in the future, such as scientists, engineers, and institutional reformers. Historical examples include the Renaissance, the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, and the formation of democratic states.

The decline or solidification phase of civilization: This phase often sees excessive resource concentration and distorted systems, with vested interests maintaining their advantage through structural arrangements, causing the overall vitality of society to gradually decrease. Examples of this include the late stages of feudal dynasties, the end of colonial empire expansions, or modern stages of highly financialized capitalism, where “inefficiency and concentrated power” are common characteristics.

Between the “construction phase” and the “parasitic phase,” there often emerges a critical stage known as the “structural decline window.” The typical characteristics of this period are:

  • The economy appears to grow on the surface, but innovation capacity stagnates.
  • The institutional framework remains intact, but public trust significantly declines.
  • Material conditions are relatively abundant, yet societal anxiety and insecurity increase.
  • Public discourse becomes more active, but consensus on spiritual and value-based matters gradually dissolves.

During this transitional period, the direction of civilization’s development often faces a critical choice:
Either, constructive forces come together again, driving new institutional reforms and a rebuilding of values, leading society into a new upward cycle.
Or, entrenched interest structures become further solidified, triggering a prolonged systemic decline, ultimately resulting in social fragmentation, governance failure, and even the erosion of the very foundation of civilization.

3. Who will end the parasitism: the need for institutional reconstruction and spiritual reboot

To break the cycle of parasitism in civilization, two profound reforms must be carried out simultaneously:

  • First, a systemic reconstruction at the institutional level: This means fundamentally improving the mechanisms of power operation and resource distribution, minimizing the space for institutional abuse.
  • Second, a cultural update at the value level: This involves rebuilding society’s respect for honesty, creativity, responsibility, and dedication, making the “builder spirit” the core societal value once again. This requires not only a deepening of educational content and the reshaping of public culture but also a profound awakening of public consciousness—recognizing that what truly weakens the vitality of civilization is not technological backwardness or resource scarcity, but systemic parasites.

When society collectively realizes: Those who do not create value should not control society; those who do not put in effort should not hold power.

When the true craftsmen and builders of civilization stop being silent and instead actively speak out, organize, and take action, civilization may finally break free from the endless cycle of being parasitized, and enter a truly autonomous and sustainable development phase.

IV. The modern dilemma: Who is building, and who is exploiting?

As humanity enters the 21st century, civilization stands at an unprecedented height—frequent technological breakthroughs, fast information transmission, and close global interconnectedness. However, behind the light of civilization, new shadows are cast.

The polarization of social structures has not narrowed with the spread of knowledge and institutional progress. Instead, it has become more structured and harder to change.

In this era, the question of “who is building and who is exploiting” is no longer just a matter of class division, but a functional differentiation within a complex system. It represents a new struggle between labor and exploitation, creation and speculation, public spirit and private self-interest.

Technological achievements should be a shared benefit for humanity, but at the intermediary level of capital and institutional design, their distribution is increasingly concentrated in the hands of a few, even turning into a tool for “secondary exploitation of creators.”

For example, many startups, after being acquired, see their core ideas shelved or destroyed, leaving behind only profits from capital operations. In the platform economy, algorithms exploit millions of workers, while data and profits are controlled by a handful of major platform operators.

1. The New Form of Parasites: The Institutional Architects of Legalized Exploitation

Contemporary social parasites, unlike the historical exploiters who relied on violence, privilege, or family identity, are more “modernized.” Cloaked in the guise of “entrepreneurs,” “market experts,” and “public opinion leaders,” they use systems like law, finance, media, think tanks, and education to legitimize their extraction mechanisms.

These parasites have several distinct characteristics:

  • Mastering the Definition of “Success”: By controlling the media and educational systems, they shape the narrative that success equals “capital gain” and “social status,” making hard workers and creators appear as “failures.”
  • Expert at Systemic Arbitrage: By mastering the intricacies of systems, they exploit legal loopholes to avoid taxes, cash out, and engage in insider trading, thereby accumulating disproportionate wealth.
  • Control of Resource Gateways: They control key resource distribution rights, such as land approvals, financial permits, and public project resources, turning them into long-term power benefits.
  • Self-Legitimization Through Philanthropy: They use tools like establishing foundations, think tanks, and multinational cooperative programs to beautify their actions, covering up their erosion of institutional and societal values.

This group is not overtly anti-social; in fact, they actively seek to “fit in”—appearing at charitable events, donating to academic causes, and speaking out on environmental issues.

However, it is precisely these individuals who “alienate” the essence of civilization: no longer is it a collective effort to build a shared future for the public, but rather a mere preservation of vested interests in its formal sense.

2. The Marginalized Builders: The Silent Backbone of Society

Compared to the highly visible and influential parasites, the true builders of civilization—philosophers, teachers, engineers, grassroots doctors, entrepreneurs, social workers—are often marginalized. They are “underestimated,” “underpaid,” and “disrespected,” yet they perform functions that are indispensable to the operation of the system.

In many countries, the most crucial public professions are also the ones with the weakest bargaining power. A scientist might spend a decade developing a breakthrough material, only to find it overshadowed by the profit of a viral product. A primary school educator bears the weight of shaping the next generation’s spirit, but struggles just to make a living.

The neglect of the builder class is not only a matter of distribution, but also a matter of symbolism: it symbolizes a shift in the spiritual center of civilization, where the system no longer honors creation but instead rewards manipulation.

3. Systemic Parasitism from a Global Perspective: From Nation-States to Super-Capital Entities

Globalization has not yet led to the balanced structure of a shared human destiny as initially envisioned. Instead, in many instances, it has evolved into a new form of colonial system—not through military occupation but via capital control, debt chains, and data dominance.

  • Countries in the “Global South” are now placed on low-price positions within the raw materials chain, while high-value-added products and financial systems are firmly controlled by the “Global North.”
    The intellectual property system increasingly serves to suppress innovation rather than promote it, with tech giants monopolizing global digital rights.
  • The intellectual property system increasingly serves to suppress innovation rather than promote it, with tech giants monopolizing global digital rights.
  • Multinational corporations have become “super parasites,” feeding off the world while avoiding taxes in their home countries, exploiting weaker nations, and lobbying for political systems that favor their own interests.

This represents a new issue for global civilization: it is not a conflict between different civilizations, but a clash between global parasitic mechanisms and global constructive efforts. The former is invisible yet powerful, while the latter is tangible but isolated.

V. Reconstructing the Future of Civilization: Ending the Parasitic Mechanism

The history of civilization should not be a continuous tragic cycle: construction, parasitism, corruption, collapse, and reconstruction, followed by more parasitism. If, with all the advanced knowledge, information technology, and governance tools available in the 21st century, humanity continues to repeat these old patterns, it will be a self-betrayal that history cannot forgive.

What we need is not just reform, but a complete reconstruction of civilization. This requires severing the roots of parasitic structures at the institutional level and awakening the builders’ mindset to once again become the guiding force of society. Only then can the “craftsmen of civilization” truly become the heart of society, rather than remaining as invisible gears in the machinery.

1. Establishing Anti-Parasitic Institutional Mechanisms: Transparency, Accountability, and Anti-Incentives

First and foremost, we need to establish systematic “anti-parasitic mechanisms” at the institutional level. These mechanisms should deprive parasitic behaviors in society of their fertile ground and create continuous institutional disincentives for parasites.

  • Complete Transparency in Resource Distribution: Key resources such as public finance, land approval, project bidding, and research funding should be governed by real-time, publicly accessible tracking systems. This will close any loopholes in the system that might enable rent-seeking and prevent resources from being siphoned off by a few.
  • Reconstructing the “Legitimacy of Wealth” Review System: Wealth should no longer be presumed to be legitimate simply because it is owned. Instead, we must trace the public contributions made during the accumulation of wealth, and impose high “anti-system use taxes” on wealth derived from institutional manipulation.
  • Introducing a “Civilizational Liability Balance Sheet” Mechanism: This mechanism should not only assess the economic contributions of businesses and individuals but also evaluate their systemic impacts on social ethics, ecology, labor relations, and other sectors. Parasites in this system will find it impossible to get credits or resource support.

True institutional justice is not about the illusion of equal distribution, but about distinguishing between “value creation” and “systemic extraction” in evaluations and using this distinction to guide rewards and penalties.

2. Rebuilding Public Spirit: Cultural and Educational Value Realignment

While institutional reform is crucial, without the internalization of public spirit, it will eventually degenerate into formalized “paper policies.” Therefore, the cultural and educational systems must be the core support for the reconstruction of civilization.

Rebuilding Education’s Mission with the “Public Builder Spirit”

The core of education should no longer focus on “success” defined by fame and profit, but instead, it should return to cultivating a sense of responsibility, honesty, creativity, and civic awareness. The “creators of public value”—whether they are teachers, researchers, grassroots engineers—should be held up as societal role models, replacing the individual hero narrative of the “winner-takes-all” mentality.

Cultural Resources Shifting Toward Practicality and Creativity

Through policy support and platform guidance, mainstream culture should encourage positive narratives around craftsmanship, scientific exploration, and grassroots laborers. These individuals should gain the respect and visibility they deserve in film, media, and public discourse, rather than being marginalized as the “silent majority” or mere “functional tools.”

Rebuilding an Independent and Rational Public Cultural Ecosystem

Breaking the dominance of cultural capital-driven single-narrative frameworks, we must support the development of public media, independent publishing, and knowledge-based communities, granting more space for diverse voices to be heard. This will help detach culture from excessive commercialization and return it to rational discourse, making it the “engine of thought” that drives social consensus and institutional advancement.

Without a cultural layer of “social civilization re-education,” parasitic structures will merely disguise themselves in new, more sophisticated forms and continue to counterattack.

3. Reshaping Social Structure: Resource Redistribution Centered on Constructive Functions

Rebuilding the structure of civilization is not about simply “redistributing the cake,” but about designing the flow of resources based on the creativity and sustainability of social functions. In other words—those who contribute to society’s sustainable development should be the ones who receive more support.

  • Establish a “civilizational-supporting professions” system of security: for fields like education, healthcare, basic research, environmental protection, and public services, set up long-term investment and institutional incentive systems to prevent these professions from being marginalized under the commercial return-oriented model. These careers may not produce immediate results, but they are the foundation of long-term societal stability and the leap toward a higher civilization.
  • Encourage long-term investment capital: promote the shift of the capital market toward “patient capital,” offering tax and policy incentives to those investing in long-term research and foundational industries, and creating a priority system for “social construction investors.”
  • Use the “social production function” instead of “market pricing” as the standard for distribution: introduce public economic indicators and social welfare functions into resource decision-making, to prevent market signals from misleading the social structure systematically.

The essence of structure does not lie in the concentration of wealth, but in whether the flow of resources serves public construction and the welfare of the people.

4. A Global Framework for Civilizational Collaboration

In the context of globalization, the reconstruction of civilization cannot be limited to a single country, as the parasitic mechanisms will continue to expand in more covert transnational forms. A global system of collaboration to confront these issues must be established:

  • Reconstruct the global governance power structure: Break the control of a few powerful nations over discourse and institutional rules. Create a global “builders’ alliance” platform for discourse, and push for developing countries to have more leadership in resource design and technological cooperation.
  • Establish a “Global Anti-Parasitism Treaty”: Through international agreements, limit the systematic exploitation of labor and resources by multinational corporations, and curb the global spread of “legally unjust” practices.
  • Promote cross-cultural integration of constructive values: Foster mutual understanding and co-building of values among different civilizations, creating a “shared construction ethics” that transcends ideology.

Only by exposing “global parasites” and enabling “global civilization builders” to work in unison, can humanity truly enter a future of co-construction and shared prosperity.

5. Activating Social Construction Organizations: From the Silent Majority to an Actionable Community

Lastly, and most fundamentally, is the need to activate the self-organizing power of civilization builders. If these builders remain silent, fragmented, and isolated, no matter how just the systems and values may be, they will struggle to form substantial checks and balances against parasitic mechanisms.

  • Build a Civilization Builders’ Alliance and Artisan Citizens’ Community: Connect the practical, creative, and responsible individuals across various fields to form a new public discourse and collective organizational capacity. In fact, “Yicheng Commonweal” is such an organization.
  • Support Anti-Parasitism Citizen Movements: Encourage the use of legal, peaceful, and sustainable methods to expose and confront parasitic structures, promoting gradual institutional change rather than violent rupture.
  • Create Builder-Led Digital Spaces and Financial Systems: Build decentralized collaboration platforms and distributed financing systems to break the parasitic control over platforms and credit.

The fate of civilization ultimately does not rest in the hands of the “rulers,” but in the hands of the countless grounded, hard-working artisans.

Conclusion: Who Owns Civilization? Who Determines the Future?

“What does civilization belong to?” This is not just a philosophical question; it is the fundamental choice regarding the future of civilization.

Civilization should belong to those who work quietly, who stay grounded, bear responsibility, and ignite hope—those who, even in the gaps of the system, persist in goodness, uphold justice, and are not swayed by profit. These are the builders of society.

However, the reality is often the opposite. Power over discourse and distribution lies in the hands of a few who excel at manipulating systems and exploiting outcomes. The parasites do not create, yet they define order; they do not contribute, yet they control the rules.

This is a regression of civilization and a significant risk to the human spirit.

Today, we face not only technological and ecological challenges but also the disarray of values and systems. In a world dominated by attention and capital manipulation, the builders have grown silent, and the foundation of civilization is quietly eroding.

But the course of history is never merely a matter of fate—it is also a matter of choice.

The future does not belong to the manipulators but to the builders. The direction of civilization should be written by those who create.

Let us return “the key to civilization” to those who truly deserve it.

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政治愚民 —— 文明深处的病灶

Daohe · May 10, 2025

政治上的愚民现象,从来不只是表面的偶发现象,而是在任何国家和权力机制中必然滋生的结果。它既是统治者有意培养的工具,也是民众自我放弃的选择,是双方共谋的产物。 这是一种制度性麻木,也是一种文明性退化。 一、他人制造的政治愚民 政治愚民是人为制造的产物。 何为他人制造?就是通过教育、传媒、法律、宗教、习俗乃至语言本身,刻意剥夺一个群体的政治认知能力,使其无法理解自身与制度、权力、利益之间的关系,最终失去政治判断力、表达力与组织力。 古代帝制国家如此,宗教神权社会亦如此。汉武帝罢黜百家、独尊儒术,根本目的不是为了文化,而是为了铲平多元政治思维,使国人知忠而不知权、知义而不知利、知畏而不知争。 在欧洲中世纪时期,教廷往往将政治权力视为神圣的延伸,将世俗政治问题纳入宗教权威的范围之内。政治被赋予神意的意义,普通人若试图置评政务,容易被视为僭越,甚至可能被指控为异端。 这类的行为都是以思想或者信仰体系麻痹公众神经,抑制民众自我意识觉醒,从而限制了公众对政治事务的公开讨论,确保利益与权力的集中,从而人为地制造出各种由不平等导致的苦难。 当代的政治愚民现象,比以往更为隐蔽细致。 传媒、娱乐、教育乃至法律系统,往往将政治话语塑造成晦涩难懂或充满风险的领域,进而在潜移默化中引导公众将注意力转向消费主义、个人欲望与感官娱乐。久而久之,人们习惯于远离公共事务,甚至为这种“远离”赋予正当性。 你听,当代社会中有多少人习惯性地说出“挣钱最要紧”、“娱乐最放松”、“换谁都一样”、“说了也没用”、“政治就是勾心斗角”……这些看法正是系统性政治疏离教育长期作用的表现。 最容易被操控的,并不是那些被强制灌输的人,而是那些主动放弃思考、误以为自己是在“自由选择”的人。 他们相信自己只是“远离政治”,却未察觉自己的命运早已在他人的政治运作中被决定。 二、自我放弃的政治愚民 相比之下,更令人惋惜的是那些主动疏离政治的人。他们本具备理解与参与公共事务的能力,却出于种种心理与现实考量,选择退居私人生活领域。 有些人畏惧政治带来的风险,有些人对公共事务感到厌倦,更多人则是沉湎于个人安逸、现实利益,宁可换取短暂的安全感,也不愿承受参与公共生活所带来的不确定性与责任。 早在春秋战国时期,纵横家已指出:“民可使由之,不可使知之。”在权力高度集中的社会中,真正具有公共意识的个体往往非常稀缺。而在当代社会,当一个人反复在生活中感受到“政治无力、参与无效”,他便可能在内心筑起一道“与我无关”的心理防线,逐渐放弃对社会结构和公共事务的关心,甚至否认政治对自身生活的影响。 这种“自我屏蔽式的政治冷感”,虽然看似避开了风险与纷争,实则无声地巩固了权力结构的稳定,为既得利益者提供了最佳环境。一个对政治冷漠的人,终将被他所忽视的政治现实所塑造命运。 历史与现实都反复证明:当公共空间缺乏广泛参与,政治的决定权便落入少数人手中——而他们的决定,最终将影响到所有人,包括那些选择沉默的人 三、政治是生活不可或缺的一环 没有政治,只是活着。有了政治,才是生活。 许多人误以为政治是高层权力之间的角力,是关于国家大事的谈判与博弈,与普通人的生活相去甚远。事实上,政治的本质就是人与人之间的交往和协商,是在日常生活中围绕权力、利益、欲望、规则与判断所展开的一系列协调与较量。 比如,一个家里,父母希望孩子稳定工作,最好考编或进大公司,而孩子却想从事自由职业、追求兴趣。这时看似是代际观念冲突,实则是一场典型的家庭政治协商。孩子要在“表达自我”与“争取支持”之间权衡父母的态度,选择妥协还是坚持。他可能通过讨好、解释、争辩,甚至沉默等方式影响局势,而父母则可能以经济支持、情感压力甚至道德话语进行回应。 这一切行为的背后,都是权力、资源、信任、判断与情感的互动。这不是宏大的政治舞台,却真实地展现了政治的核心逻辑:如何在关系中博弈与妥协,如何在冲突中争取最大利益或最小伤害,如何在规则不明时制定新规则或打破旧规则。 类似的情形在生活中比比皆是:同事间的升职竞争、邻里之间的议事协调、朋友圈中话题的站队、网络上的言论倾向,甚至你买哪一款手机、支持哪一个品牌,也可能隐含某种价值立场或群体归属,这些行为都带有政治的色彩。 四、政治权力:不只是权位,也是话语、影响与生杀予夺 政治权力,并不等同于官职、爵位,而是实现政治目标所需具备的社会性条件与手段。它包括: 权力的核心不在形式,而在谁掌控政治话语、谁左右社会判断、谁决定资源流向。 而当政治愚民广泛存在,权力便极易集中在少数人手中,形成封闭、压制、排他性权力系统。一旦权力无制衡,政治判断会日趋恶劣,公共利益让位于私利,社会必然走向畸形。 五、政治愚民的后果:制度僵化、文明退化、民族堕落 政治愚民现象的终极后果,绝不仅是民众失语,而是社会整体理性衰退、制度恶化与文明崩坏。 历史上每个灭亡帝国、衰败民族、堕落社会,无不因政治愚民现象长期泛滥。 以亚洲中国为例: 文明之所以伟大,靠的不是臣民愚忠,而是公民理性与社会责任感。一个社会若无政治清明的公民,就必然出现权力腐败、社会不公、制度僵化,最终自我毁灭。 结语: 政治愚民,是统治者的利器,也是民众自弃的悲哀。它使人丧失判断力,使社会失去监督力,使国家失去自净力。 政治从不遥远,它就在每个人的生活里。 谈论家庭事务是政治,评判公司政策是政治,讨论社会舆论是政治,参与社区决策是政治。当一个群体放弃政治判断,最终只会沦为制度牺牲品。 拒绝做愚民,正是一个文明人的起点,也是一位公民的真正政治觉悟。

一乗信仰研究より :末法時代における邪師と戒律の乱れに関する考察

Yicheng · May 3, 2025

人が帰依し、五体投地するその師は、もしかすると災いの根源かもしれません。 序偈 南無本師釈迦牟尼仏、千の生にわたり苦しみを度すという御心は尽きることなし。(南无本师释迦牟尼佛,千生度苦愿无尽; ) 然るに、末法の世に乱象出で、魔は僧の形を現して衆生の心を惑わす。(奈何末法乱象出,魔现僧形惑众心; ) 菩薩の本懐は戯言(たわごと)と成り、法座は利を貪る場と化してしまった。(菩萨本怀成戏言,法座已成贪利场。 ) もし帰依する対象を誤り、智慧の眼が曇るならば、一念の偏りが、百劫にもわたる苦難を招き、回復は難しい。(顶礼若错,慧眼不明,一念偏邪,百劫难回。 ) 一、邪師による救度:仏陀の本願からの逸脱 仏とは、覚者(かくしゃ)を意味します。仏が人々を救度する(度す)とは、人々を支配することではありません。救度の要諦は、智慧を開かせ、煩悩を断ち切り、自在の境地を得させ、菩提(悟り)を成就させることにあります。 しかしながら、今日の特定の僧侶たちは、袈裟をまとい、高い座に就き、一見すると法を説いているようですが、その実態は人々を支配する術に他なりません。彼らが行っているのは、衆生に自在を得させることではなく、衆生がより「耐え忍ぶ」こと、より「へりくだる」こと、より「分をわきまえる」ことを教え、人々が苦しみの中にありながら解脱を求めず、屈辱の中で家畜となることを甘んじて受け入れるように仕向けることです。 『大智度論』には、「法とは、舟や筏(いかだ)のようなものであり、対岸そのものではない。もし法に執着して対岸に到達しないのであれば、それは舟に執着して川を渡らないのと同じで、ただ自らを困らせるだけである」とあります。 これらの人々は、仏法を、心を覚醒させる光としてではなく、社会を安定させるための精神安定剤として用いています。彼らは「足るを知れば常に楽しい」と説きますが、「衆生は皆平等である」とは説きません。「業の報いは自らが受ける」と説きますが、「慈悲をもって苦しみを抜き去る」とは説きません。「忍辱(にんにく)をもって重きを負う」と説きますが、「大いなる勇猛心を発し、一切の苦難を度さんという誓願を立てよ」とは口にしません。 したがって、彼らが「法をもって人を度す」と言うのは、実際には仏が人を度すのとは異なります。仏は、法を、人々を繋ぐ「橋」として用い、人々を縛る「鎖」としては用いません。智慧を「灯火」として用い、「迷いの霧」としては用いません。もし法が、人々を覚醒させるのではなく眠らせるのであれば、その法は本来の願いを失っています。もし救度が、隷属となるのであれば、その行いは仏の行いではないのです。 二、「戒・定・慧」は「忍・定・慧」ではない かつて仏陀は、鹿野苑(ろくやおん)で初めて法輪を転じ、苦・集・滅・道という四諦を説き、人々を八正道へと導き、八正道を通じて三学、すなわち「戒・定・慧(かい・じょう・え)」へと帰着させました。 「戒」は悪を止め、非を防ぎ、「定」は心を摂して乱さず、「慧」は無明(根源的な無知)を照らし破ります。この三つは、車の三つの輪のようなものであり、一つでも欠ければ道を進むことはできません。 しかし、今日の仏弟子と称する一部の人々は、「戒」を「忍」へと変質させ、その威厳を失わせています。「定」を「逃」へと変質させ、その堅固さを失わせています。「慧」を「順」へと変質させ、その鋭さを失わせています。自らは「大いに覚った」と称していますが、その実態は、行動しないことへの言い訳を探し、進歩しないことへの看板を立てているに過ぎません。 彼らの言う「忍・定・慧」とは、人を従順にさせるための法であり、精神を萎靡させる術であり、臆病者の自己弁護なのです。 『維摩経』には、「俗世に処(お)りながらも、塵に染まらざる、此れを真の修行と為す」とあります。 真の「忍」とは何でしょうか。それは、「地獄が空にならぬ限り、仏にはなるまい」と誓った地蔵菩薩の「忍」であり、「千の場所からの祈りに、千の場所で応える」という観世音菩薩の「忍」です。 この「忍」は、慈悲の誓願を基礎としており、衆生のために耐え忍ぶのであって、自己保身のために耐え忍ぶのではありません。真理のために耐え忍ぶのであって、その場しのぎの安寧のために耐え忍ぶのではないのです。 しかし、現代の人々は「忍」の名を借りて、人々に声を上げず、争わず、語らないことを教え、その意志を麻痺させ、思弁能力を削ぎ、現状に安住させ、集団的な蒙昧へと堕落させて、仏弟子が本来持つべき勇猛精進の心を失わせてしまっています。 三、世を避けて静かに修行すること:それは真の修行か、道義からの逃避か? 大乗仏教の精髄は、山林の静寂にあるのではなく、この娑婆(しゃば)世界で苦しみを救済することにあります。菩薩は涅槃に留まらず、慈悲の舟を操って衆生のもとへ還り、阿羅漢は自己の利益に留まりますが、菩薩の誓願は尽きることがありません。 しかし、今日の「法の師」と称する人々は、集団で俗世を離れて修行に籠ったり、「世俗の塵を遠ざける」と宣言したりします。清浄のために修行し、内省のために籠るのだ、と。しかし、その言動を観察すれば、それは「世を避けて、義を避ける」ことに過ぎず、「賢明に身を保つ」という処世術であり、「自らの安穏を求める」ための方策です。 『大蔵経』には、「菩薩は、他者の苦しみを見る時、それを自らの極度の苦しみとし、他者の楽しみを見る時、それを自らの大いなる楽しみとする。故に、菩薩は常に他者を利するために存在する」とあります。 彼らは、現実に触れることを望まず、社会の構築に参加することを望まず、衆生の苦難に応えることを望みません。彼らは修行に籠り、風流を楽しみ、禅を論じながら、俗世の烈火を見て見ぬふりをします。彼らの世を避ける術とは、臆病の美化であり、責任の放棄であり、正法からの逸脱なのです。 そして、世の人々が血を流して犠牲となり、真の勇者が倒れた後になって、彼らは再び姿を現し、墓碑に向かって偈(げ)を唱え、「彼らの修行は円満でなかった」「無常を悟っていなかった」などと説きます。これは、道義上の臆病者、道徳上の裏切り者であり、決して「世俗を超越した高尚な人物」などではありません。 四、利欲に飾られた「功徳の寺」 末法の世には、仏の名を借りて自己の利益を図り、寺院を抜け殻とし、お布施を金融手段とする者がいます。彼らが建てる寺は、法を説き、衆生を利するためではなく、富を集め、勢力を誇示するためです。彼らが募る寄付は、三宝(仏・法・僧)を供養するためではなく、自らの名声を飾り、権威ある地位を修めるためです。 毎日、「仏に供えれば福を得られ、寺を建てれば運気が変わる」と喧伝し、あるいは「道場を護持すれば、福寿は無量である」と言います。しかし、その福とは、一体どこから来るというのでしょうか。 福は、善行に根ざすべきであり、他者を利することに根ざすべきです。もし布施をしながら見返りを貪るのであれば、それは布施をしながら悪業を積んでいるのと同じです。 『首楞厳経』には、「我が法は、本来清浄であり、供養によって功徳が生じるのではない。もし布施の功徳を貪るのであれば、それは世間的な福に過ぎず、三界(迷いの世界)から出ることはできない」とあります。 さらにひどい者になると、「上師」や「高僧」といった名号を騙り、灌頂の儀式を行い、甘露丸を売りつけ、虚偽の寄付を募り、人々を際限のない供養へと誘います。聖者の像は詐欺のための看板となり、功徳という言葉は、網を張るための餌となります。 この種の「仏弟子」は、自らの心を堕落させるだけでなく、衆生の信仰心を損ない、人々に仏法を遠ざけさせ、修行を厭わせ、正法を疑わせ、三宝を破壊させます。 五、末法の乱れた現象の根源:虚名、制度、そして俗化という災い 仏陀が入滅された後、正法は五百年、像法は千年、末法は一万年続くとされます。正法の時代は修行が要とされ、像法の時代は儀式が重んじられ、そして末法の時代は、ただ名前と形だけが残り、その実態はすでに歪んでしまっているのです。 なぜ、このような事態に至ったのでしょうか。それは、衆生が名声を貪り、利益に走り、僧侶が権力に迷い、世俗に迎合し、制度には法を守る力がなく、教育には戒律と精神集中の根幹がなく、社会が表面的なものを崇拝し、本来の心を喪失してしまったからです。 今日の僧団には、戒律を受けていない者、あるいは受けても守らない者が多くいます。戒律を学ばない者、あるいは学んでも実践しない者が多くいます。経を説く者は経の意味を知らず、法を広める者は法の行いを実践しません。制度は均衡を失い、僧侶と俗人の区別は曖昧になり、寺院は商業化し、仏事は市場と化しています。 いわゆる「護法」とは、権力と利益を守ることに過ぎず、いわゆる「修行」とは、言葉を飾り立てることに過ぎません。 『法華経』には、「末法の世に法が滅びる時、諸々の邪悪な比丘が現れ、五欲に貪り執着しながら、我は道を得たり、と称するだろう」とあります。 さらに、メディアが発達し、名声と利益が世に満ち溢れると、凡人は皆、高名な者を敬い、愚者は皆、「大師」に帰依します。こうして、僧侶は権力者と競い、寺院は商業施設と競い、誰が智慧を語れるか、誰が心地よい「心の慰め」を語れるかが、絶え間ない布施と供養を得るための基準となるのです。 根が固まっていなければ、葉は必ず枯れます。仏法は、外部の異教によって滅びるのではなく、まず偽りの仏弟子によって滅びるのです。衆生は、悪人によって滅びるのではなく、まず誤った信仰によって滅びるのです。 六、誰が帰依し、誰が沈んでいくのか?信者の集団的蒙昧 人が誰かに五体投地する時、その対象は、実はその人の心の中にある「理想の人間像」の投影です。現代社会は道義的な方向性を見失い、心の拠り所がないため、「修行者」を聖人であると幻想し、袈裟を着ている者を、道を得た者と同一視してしまいます。こうして、いわゆる「大師」が時流に乗じて現れ、信者が増えれば増えるほど、その供養は盛んになります。 信者は、なぜ道理を見失うのでしょうか。それは無知だからです。なぜ無知なのでしょうか。それは教育が失敗し、道義が明らかでないからです。 もし人々に、独立して思考することを教えず、ただ従順であることだけを教えるなら、もし慈悲と智慧を教えず、ただ線香を立てて布施をすることだけを教えるなら、その心は無明に覆われ、是非を問わずに帰依してしまうでしょう。 仏教は本来、「人に依らず、法に依れ」と説きます。しかし、今の信者は皆、「法に依らず、人に依って」おり、名声が響き渡る者が、真理の代弁者となっています。甚だしい者になると、「上師が説かれることなら、たとえ法に反していても信じる」とさえ言います。この言葉が出た時点で、正法はすでに死んでいるのです。 『楞伽経』には、「一切の衆生は、無明より妄見を起こし、我相・人相・衆生相・寿者相に執着する」とあります。 帰依する対象を誤れば、災いは内から起こります。一人の人物を誤って崇拝すれば、一生を迷い、一つの宗派を誤って信じれば、一つの地域の正法が滅びます。 衆生が自らを省みず、是非を弁えないことこそが、沈淪の源なのです。 七、大いなる誓願と実践に立ち返ること、それこそが真の仏弟子 […]

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